walinchus / Scraping_For_Journalists_Test_2

HTML

Contributors

Last run completed successfully 2017-04-25.

Console output of last run

Injecting configuration and compiling... Injecting scraper and running... Hello 0 Hello 1 Hello 2 Hello 3 Hello 4 Hello 5 Hello 6 Hello 7 Hello 8 Hello 9 <!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"/> <title>Dwarf planet - Wikipedia</title> <script>document.documentElement.className = document.documentElement.className.replace( /(^|\s)client-nojs(\s|$)/, "$1client-js$2" );</script> <script>(window.RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Dwarf_planet","wgTitle":"Dwarf planet","wgCurRevisionId":775549460,"wgRevisionId":775549460,"wgArticleId":6395779,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)","All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from October 2016","Articles containing French-language text","Articles containing Spanish-language text","Articles containing German-language text","Articles containing Russian-language text","Articles containing Arabic-language text","Articles containing Mandarin-language text","Articles containing Japanese-language text","Articles containing Latin-language text","Articles containing potentially dated statements from January 2015","All articles containing potentially dated statements","Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers","Featured articles","Minor planets","Dwarf planets"],"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgMonthNamesShort":["","Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"],"wgRelevantPageName":"Dwarf_planet","wgRelevantArticleId":6395779,"wgRequestId":"WPwIygrAEFcAAGtBV90AAABB","wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{}},"wgStableRevisionId":null,"wgWikiEditorEnabledModules":{"toolbar":true,"dialogs":true,"preview":false,"publish":false},"wgBetaFeaturesFeatures":[],"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsShouldSendModuleToUser":false,"wgPopupsConflictsWithNavPopupGadget":false,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","usePageImages":true,"usePageDescriptions":true},"wgPreferredVariant":"en","wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"nearby":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false},"wgRelatedArticles":null,"wgRelatedArticlesUseCirrusSearch":true,"wgRelatedArticlesOnlyUseCirrusSearch":false,"wgULSCurrentAutonym":"English","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCentralNoticeCookiesToDelete":[],"wgCentralNoticeCategoriesUsingLegacy":["Fundraising","fundraising"],"wgCategoryTreePageCategoryOptions":"{\"mode\":0,\"hideprefix\":20,\"showcount\":true,\"namespaces\":false}","wgWikibaseItemId":"Q2199","wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgVisualEditorToolbarScrollOffset":0,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":false});mw.loader.state({"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.site.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","noscript":"ready","user.styles":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","user.tokens":"loading","ext.math.styles":"ready","ext.cite.styles":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready","mediawiki.legacy.shared":"ready","mediawiki.legacy.commonPrint":"ready","mediawiki.sectionAnchor":"ready","mediawiki.skinning.interface":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.site":"ready"});mw.loader.implement("user.options@0j3lz3q",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.options.set({"variant":"en"});});mw.loader.implement("user.tokens@1dqfd7l",function ( $, jQuery, require, module ) { mw.user.tokens.set({"editToken":"+\\","patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"});/*@nomin*/; });mw.loader.load(["ext.cite.a11y","mediawiki.toc","mediawiki.action.view.postEdit","site","mediawiki.page.startup","mediawiki.user","mediawiki.hidpi","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","mediawiki.legacy.wikibits","mediawiki.searchSuggest","ext.gadget.teahouse","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.watchlist-notice","ext.gadget.DRN-wizard","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.gadget.extra-toolbar-buttons","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.featured-articles-links","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.head","mmv.bootstrap.autostart","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.eventLogging.subscriber","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.eventlogger","ext.uls.init","ext.uls.interface","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","skins.vector.js"]);});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?debug=false&lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.math.scripts%2Cstyles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cmediawiki.legacy.commonPrint%2Cshared%7Cmediawiki.sectionAnchor%7Cmediawiki.skinning.interface%7Cskins.vector.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector"/> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?debug=false&lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&skin=vector"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?debug=false&lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector"/> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.29.0-wmf.20"/> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/PIA19562-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-RC3-image19-20150506.jpg"/> <link rel="alternate" href="android-app://org.wikipedia/http/en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet"/> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Dwarf_planet&action=edit"/> <link rel="edit" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Dwarf_planet&action=edit"/> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"/> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"/> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/opensearch_desc.php" title="Wikipedia (en)"/> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"/> <link rel="copyright" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet"/> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"/> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> </head> <body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Dwarf_planet rootpage-Dwarf_planet skin-vector action-view"> <div id="mw-page-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="mw-head-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"> <a id="top"></a> <div id="siteNotice" class="mw-body-content"></div> <div class="mw-indicators mw-body-content"> <div id="mw-indicator-featured-star" class="mw-indicator"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles" title="This is a featured article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a featured article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" width="20" height="19" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="462" data-file-height="438" /></a></div> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Dwarf planet</h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content"> <div id="siteSub">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> <div id="contentSub"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav" class="mw-jump"> Jump to: <a href="#mw-head">navigation</a>, <a href="#p-search">search</a> </div> <div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><div role="note" class="hatnote">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Minor_planet" title="Minor planet">Minor planet</a>.</div> <table class="infobox" style="width: 300px;"> <tr> <td style="white-space:nowrap;"> <table style="background-color: #000;"> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)" title="Ceres, the only dwarf planet in the asteroid belt imaged by Dawn"><img alt="Ceres, the only dwarf planet in the asteroid belt imaged by Dawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/PIA19562-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-RC3-image19-20150506.jpg/140px-PIA19562-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-RC3-image19-20150506.jpg" width="140" height="132" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/PIA19562-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-RC3-image19-20150506.jpg/210px-PIA19562-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-RC3-image19-20150506.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/PIA19562-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-RC3-image19-20150506.jpg/280px-PIA19562-Ceres-DwarfPlanet-Dawn-RC3-image19-20150506.jpg 2x" data-file-width="925" data-file-height="870" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto seen by New Horizons on 14 July 2015."><img alt="Pluto seen by New Horizons on 14 July 2015." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Nh-pluto-in-true-color_2x_JPEG-edit-frame.jpg/140px-Nh-pluto-in-true-color_2x_JPEG-edit-frame.jpg" width="140" height="140" style="vertical-align: top" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Nh-pluto-in-true-color_2x_JPEG-edit-frame.jpg/210px-Nh-pluto-in-true-color_2x_JPEG-edit-frame.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Nh-pluto-in-true-color_2x_JPEG-edit-frame.jpg/280px-Nh-pluto-in-true-color_2x_JPEG-edit-frame.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1800" /></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">|-<a href="/wiki/Eris_(dwarf_planet)" title="Eris and its moon seen from Hubble."><img alt="Eris and its moon seen from Hubble." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Eris_and_dysnomia2.jpg/140px-Eris_and_dysnomia2.jpg" width="140" height="139" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Eris_and_dysnomia2.jpg/210px-Eris_and_dysnomia2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Eris_and_dysnomia2.jpg/280px-Eris_and_dysnomia2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="386" data-file-height="384" /></a><a href="/wiki/Makemake" title="Makemake and its moon imaged by the Hubble Telescope"><img alt="Makemake and its moon imaged by the Hubble Telescope" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Makemake_with_moon.JPG/140px-Makemake_with_moon.JPG" width="140" height="140" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Makemake_with_moon.JPG/210px-Makemake_with_moon.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Makemake_with_moon.JPG/280px-Makemake_with_moon.JPG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a>      </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Four notable dwarf planets (clockwise from top left): <ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)" title="Ceres (dwarf planet)">Ceres</a> as seen from the <a href="/wiki/Dawn_(spacecraft)" title="Dawn (spacecraft)">Dawn spacecraft</a>. It is the only dwarf planet in the <a href="/wiki/Asteroid_belt" title="Asteroid belt">asteroid belt</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto">Pluto</a> as viewed by <a href="/wiki/New_Horizons" title="New Horizons">New Horizons</a> space probe on 13 July 2015.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makemake" title="Makemake">Makemake</a> and its moon <a href="/wiki/S/2015_(136472)_1" class="mw-redirect" title="S/2015 (136472) 1">S/2015 (136472) 1</a> viewed by the <a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble Space Telescope</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eris_(dwarf_planet)" title="Eris (dwarf planet)">Eris</a> and its moon <a href="/wiki/Dysnomia_(moon)" title="Dysnomia (moon)">Dysnomia</a> viewed by the Hubble Space Telescope.</li> </ul> (See full list of <a href="/wiki/List_of_possible_dwarf_planets#Likeliest_dwarf_planets" title="List of possible dwarf planets">likeliest possible dwarf planets</a>.) </td> </tr> </table> A dwarf planet is a <a href="/wiki/Planetary-mass_object" class="mw-redirect" title="Planetary-mass object">planetary-mass object</a> that is neither a <a href="/wiki/Planet" title="Planet">planet</a> nor a <a href="/wiki/Natural_satellite" title="Natural satellite">natural satellite</a>. That is, it is in direct orbit of the Sun, and is massive enough for its gravity to crush it into a <a href="/wiki/Hydrostatic_equilibrium" title="Hydrostatic equilibrium">hydrostatic equilibrium</a> shape (usually a <a href="/wiki/Spheroid" title="Spheroid">spheroid</a>), but has not <a href="/wiki/Clearing_the_neighbourhood" title="Clearing the neighbourhood">cleared the neighborhood</a> of other material around its orbit.<a href="#cite_note-finalresolution-1">[1]</a> The term dwarf planet was adopted in 2006 as part of a <a href="/wiki/IAU_definition_of_planet" title="IAU definition of planet">three-way categorization</a> of bodies orbiting the Sun,<a href="#cite_note-finalresolution-1">[1]</a> brought about by an increase in discoveries of <a href="/wiki/Trans-Neptunian_object" title="Trans-Neptunian object">objects farther away from the Sun than Neptune</a> that rivaled <a href="/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto">Pluto</a> in size, and finally precipitated by the discovery of an even more massive object, <a href="/wiki/Eris_(dwarf_planet)" title="Eris (dwarf planet)">Eris</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Brown_Schaller_2007-2">[2]</a> The exclusion of dwarf planets from the roster of planets by the IAU has been both praised and criticized; it was said to be the "right decision" by astronomer <a href="/wiki/Michael_E._Brown" title="Michael E. Brown">Mike Brown</a>,<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> who discovered <a href="/wiki/Eris_(dwarf_planet)" title="Eris (dwarf planet)">Eris</a> and other new dwarf planets, but has been rejected by <a href="/wiki/Alan_Stern" title="Alan Stern">Alan Stern</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Stern-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stern2009-7">[7]</a> who had coined the term dwarf planet in April 1991.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> The <a href="/wiki/International_Astronomical_Union" title="International Astronomical Union">International Astronomical Union</a> (IAU) currently recognizes five dwarf planets: <a href="/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)" title="Ceres (dwarf planet)">Ceres</a>; <a href="/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto">Pluto</a>; <a href="/wiki/Haumea" title="Haumea">Haumea</a>; <a href="/wiki/Makemake" title="Makemake">Makemake</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Eris_(dwarf_planet)" title="Eris (dwarf planet)">Eris</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WGPSN-9">[9]</a> Brown criticizes this official recognition: "A reasonable person might think that this means that there are five known objects in the solar system which fit the IAU definition of dwarf planet, but this reasonable person would be nowhere close to correct."<a href="#cite_note-free-10">[10]</a> Another <a href="/wiki/List_of_possible_dwarf_planets" title="List of possible dwarf planets">hundred or so known objects</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Solar_System" title="Solar System">Solar System</a> are suspected to be dwarf planets.<a href="#cite_note-BrownList-11">[11]</a> Estimates are that up to 200 dwarf planets will be identified when the entire region known as the <a href="/wiki/Kuiper_belt" title="Kuiper belt">Kuiper belt</a> is explored, and that the number may exceed 10,000 when objects scattered outside the Kuiper belt are considered.<a href="#cite_note-Stern2012-12">[12]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>] Individual astronomers recognize several of these,<a href="#cite_note-BrownList-11">[11]</a> and in August 2011 Mike Brown published a list of 390 candidate objects, ranging from "nearly certain" to "possible" dwarf planets.<a href="#cite_note-free-10">[10]</a> Brown currently identifies ten known <a href="/wiki/Trans-Neptunian_object" title="Trans-Neptunian object">trans-Neptunian objects</a>—the four accepted by the IAU plus <a href="/wiki/(225088)_2007_OR10" title="(225088) 2007 OR10">2007 OR10</a>, <a href="/wiki/50000_Quaoar" title="50000 Quaoar">Quaoar</a>, <a href="/wiki/90377_Sedna" title="90377 Sedna">Sedna</a>, <a href="/wiki/90482_Orcus" title="90482 Orcus">Orcus</a>, <a href="/wiki/(307261)_2002_MS4" title="(307261) 2002 MS4">(307261) 2002 MS4</a> and <a href="/wiki/120347_Salacia" title="120347 Salacia">Salacia</a>—as "virtually certain", with another twenty highly likely.<a href="#cite_note-Brownlist2017-13">[13]</a> Stern states that there are more than a dozen known dwarf planets.<a href="#cite_note-Stern2012-12">[12]</a> Only two of these bodies, Ceres and Pluto, have been observed in enough detail to demonstrate that they actually fit the IAU's definition. The IAU accepted Eris as a dwarf planet because it is more massive than Pluto. They subsequently decided that unnamed trans-Neptunian objects with an <a href="/wiki/Absolute_magnitude#Solar_System_bodies_.28H.29" title="Absolute magnitude">absolute magnitude</a> brighter than +1 (and hence a diameter of ≥838 km assuming a <a href="/wiki/Geometric_albedo" title="Geometric albedo">geometric albedo</a> of ≤1)<a href="#cite_note-bruton-14">[14]</a> are to be named under the assumption that they are dwarf planets.<a href="#cite_note-IAU2008-15">[15]</a> The classification of bodies in other <a href="/wiki/Planetary_system" title="Planetary system">planetary systems</a> with the characteristics of dwarf planets has not been addressed.<a href="#cite_note-Draft_Resolution_5-16">[16]</a> <div id="toc" class="toc"> <div id="toctitle" class="toctitle"> <h2>Contents</h2> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History_of_the_concept">1 History of the concept</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Name">2 Name</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Characteristics">3 Characteristics</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Orbital_dominance">3.1 Orbital dominance</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Hydrostatic_equilibrium">3.2 Hydrostatic equilibrium</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Dwarf_planets_and_possible_dwarf_planets">4 Dwarf planets and possible dwarf planets</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Recognized">4.1 Recognized</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#Proposed">4.2 Proposed</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Exploration">5 Exploration</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Contention">6 Contention</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Planetary-mass_moons">7 Planetary-mass moons</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#See_also">8 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#Notes">9 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#References">10 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#External_links">11 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> <h2>History of the concept[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwarf_planet&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History of the concept">edit</a>]</h2> <div role="note" class="hatnote">Main article: <a href="/wiki/IAU_definition_of_planet" title="IAU definition of planet">IAU definition of planet</a></div> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Pluto-Charon-v2-10-1-15.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Pluto-Charon-v2-10-1-15.jpg/220px-Pluto-Charon-v2-10-1-15.jpg" width="220" height="220" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Pluto-Charon-v2-10-1-15.jpg/330px-Pluto-Charon-v2-10-1-15.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Pluto-Charon-v2-10-1-15.jpg/440px-Pluto-Charon-v2-10-1-15.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3000" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Pluto-Charon-v2-10-1-15.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> Pluto and its moon Charon</div> </div> </div> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Vesta_in_natural_color_(cropped).jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Vesta_in_natural_color_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Vesta_in_natural_color_%28cropped%29.jpg" width="220" height="166" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Vesta_in_natural_color_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Vesta_in_natural_color_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Vesta_in_natural_color_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Vesta_in_natural_color_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1148" data-file-height="868" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Vesta_in_natural_color_(cropped).jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> 4 Vesta, one of the largest asteroids</div> </div> </div> Starting in 1801, astronomers discovered <a href="/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)" title="Ceres (dwarf planet)">Ceres</a> and other bodies between <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a> and Jupiter which were for some decades considered to be planets. Between then and around 1851, when the number of planets had reached 23, astronomers started using the word <a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">asteroid</a> for the smaller bodies and then stopped naming or classifying them as planets.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> With the discovery of Pluto in 1930, most astronomers considered the Solar System to have nine planets, along with thousands of significantly smaller bodies (<a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">asteroids</a> and <a href="/wiki/Comet" title="Comet">comets</a>). For almost 50 years Pluto was thought to be larger than <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a>,<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> but with the discovery in 1978 of Pluto's moon <a href="/wiki/Charon_(moon)" title="Charon (moon)">Charon</a>, it became possible to measure Pluto's mass accurately and to determine that it was much smaller than initial estimates.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> It was roughly one-twentieth the mass of Mercury, which made Pluto by far the smallest planet. Although it was still more than ten times as massive as the largest object in the <a href="/wiki/Asteroid_belt" title="Asteroid belt">asteroid belt</a>, Ceres, it had one-fifth the mass of Earth's <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> Furthermore, having some unusual characteristics, such as large <a href="/wiki/Orbital_eccentricity" title="Orbital eccentricity">orbital eccentricity</a> and a high <a href="/wiki/Inclination" class="mw-redirect" title="Inclination">orbital inclination</a>, it became evident that it was a different kind of body from any of the other planets.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> In the 1990s, astronomers began to find objects in the same region of space as Pluto (now known as the <a href="/wiki/Kuiper_belt" title="Kuiper belt">Kuiper belt</a>), and some even farther away.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Many of these shared several of Pluto's key orbital characteristics, and Pluto started being seen as the largest member of a new class of objects, <a href="/wiki/Plutino" title="Plutino">plutinos</a>. This led some astronomers to stop referring to Pluto as a planet. Several terms, including subplanet and planetoid, started to be used for the bodies now known as dwarf planets.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> By 2005, three trans-Neptunian objects comparable in size to Pluto (<a href="/wiki/50000_Quaoar" title="50000 Quaoar">Quaoar</a>, <a href="/wiki/90377_Sedna" title="90377 Sedna">Sedna</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Eris_(dwarf_planet)" title="Eris (dwarf planet)">Eris</a>) had been reported.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> It became clear that either they would also have to be classified as planets, or Pluto would have to be reclassified.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> Astronomers were also confident that more objects as large as Pluto would be discovered, and the number of planets would start growing quickly if Pluto were to remain a planet.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> <a href="/wiki/Eris_(dwarf_planet)" title="Eris (dwarf planet)">Eris</a> (then known as 2003 UB313) was discovered in January 2005;<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> it was thought to be slightly larger than Pluto, and some reports informally referred to it as the <a href="/wiki/Planets_beyond_Neptune" title="Planets beyond Neptune">tenth planet</a>.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> As a consequence, the issue became a matter of intense debate during the <a href="/wiki/International_Astronomical_Union#The_XXVIth_General_Assembly_and_the_definition_of_a_planet" title="International Astronomical Union">IAU General Assembly</a> in August 2006.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> The IAU's initial draft proposal included <a href="/wiki/Charon_(moon)" title="Charon (moon)">Charon</a>, Eris, and Ceres in the list of planets. After many astronomers objected to this proposal, an alternative was drawn up by Uruguayan astronomer <a href="/wiki/Julio_%C3%81ngel_Fern%C3%A1ndez" title="Julio Ángel Fernández">Julio Ángel Fernández</a>: he proposed an intermediate category for objects large enough to be round but which had not cleared their orbits of <a href="/wiki/Planetesimal" title="Planetesimal">planetesimals</a>. Dropping Charon from the list, the new proposal also removed Pluto, Ceres, and Eris, because they have not cleared their orbits.<a href="#cite_note-19aug-32">[32]</a> The IAU's final Resolution 5A preserved this three-category system for the celestial bodies orbiting the Sun. It reads: <blockquote class="templatequote"> The IAU ... resolves that planets and other bodies, except satellites, in our Solar System be defined into three distinct categories in the following way: (1) A planet1 is a celestial body that (a) is in orbit around the Sun, (b) has sufficient mass for its self-gravity to overcome rigid body forces so that it assumes a <a href="/wiki/Hydrostatic_equilibrium" title="Hydrostatic equilibrium">hydrostatic equilibrium</a> (nearly round) shape, and (c) has <a href="/wiki/Clearing_the_neighbourhood" title="Clearing the neighbourhood">cleared the neighbourhood</a> around its orbit. (2) A "dwarf planet" is a celestial body that (a) is in orbit around the Sun, (b) has sufficient mass for its self-gravity to overcome rigid body forces so that it assumes a hydrostatic equilibrium (nearly round) shape,2 (c) has not cleared the neighbourhood around its orbit, and (d) is not a <a href="/wiki/Natural_satellite" title="Natural satellite">satellite</a>. (3) All other objects,3 except satellites, orbiting the Sun shall be referred to collectively as "<a href="/wiki/Small_Solar_System_body" title="Small Solar System body">Small Solar System Bodies</a>." <dl> <dd>Footnotes:</dd> <dd>1 The <a href="/wiki/Planet#Solar_System" title="Planet">eight planets</a> are: <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uranus" title="Uranus">Uranus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Neptune" title="Neptune">Neptune</a>.</dd> <dd>2 An IAU process will be established to assign borderline objects either dwarf planet or other status.</dd> <dd>3 These currently include most of the Solar System asteroids, most Trans-Neptunian Objects (TNOs), comets, and other small bodies.</dd> </dl> </blockquote> Although concerns were raised about the classification of planets orbiting other stars,<a href="#cite_note-Draft_Resolution_5-16">[16]</a> the issue was not resolved; it was proposed instead to decide this only when such objects start to be observed.<a href="#cite_note-19aug-32">[32]</a> <h2>Name[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwarf_planet&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Name">edit</a>]</h2> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:352px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Euler_diagram_of_solar_system_bodies.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Euler_diagram_of_solar_system_bodies.svg/350px-Euler_diagram_of_solar_system_bodies.svg.png" width="350" height="270" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Euler_diagram_of_solar_system_bodies.svg/525px-Euler_diagram_of_solar_system_bodies.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Euler_diagram_of_solar_system_bodies.svg/700px-Euler_diagram_of_solar_system_bodies.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="635" data-file-height="490" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Euler_diagram_of_solar_system_bodies.svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> <a href="/wiki/Euler_diagram" title="Euler diagram">Euler diagram</a> showing the types of bodies in the Solar System (except the Sun).</div> </div> </div> The term dwarf planet has itself been somewhat controversial, as it implies that these bodies are planets, much as <a href="/wiki/Dwarf_star" title="Dwarf star">dwarf stars</a> are stars.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> This is the conception of the Solar System that Stern promoted when he coined the phrase. The older word planetoid ("having the form of a planet") has no such connotation, and is also used by astronomers for bodies that fit the IAU definition.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> Brown states that planetoid is "a perfectly good word" that has been used for these bodies for years, and that the use of the term dwarf planet for a non-planet is "dumb", but that it was motivated by an attempt by the IAU division III plenary session to reinstate Pluto as a planet in a second resolution.<a href="#cite_note-killed-35">[35]</a> Indeed, the draft of Resolution 5A had called these median bodies planetoids,<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> but the plenary session voted unanimously to change the name to dwarf planet.<a href="#cite_note-finalresolution-1">[1]</a> The second resolution, 5B, defined dwarf planets as a subtype of planet, as Stern had originally intended, distinguished from the other eight that were to be called "classical planets". Under this arrangement, the twelve planets of the rejected proposal were to be preserved in a distinction between eight classical planets and four dwarf planets. However, Resolution 5B was defeated in the same session that 5A was passed.<a href="#cite_note-killed-35">[35]</a> Because of the semantic inconsistency of a dwarf planet not being a planet due to the failure of Resolution 5B, alternative terms such as nanoplanet and subplanet were discussed, but there was no consensus among the CSBN to change it.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> In most languages equivalent terms have been created by translating dwarf planet more-or-less literally: French planète <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nain#French" class="extiw" title="wikt:nain">naine</a>, Spanish planeta enano, German <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Zwerg" class="extiw" title="wikt:Zwerg">Zwergplanet</a>, Russian karlikovaya planeta (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA" class="extiw" title="wikt:Карлик">карликовая</a> планета), Arabic kaukab qazm (كوكب <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B2%D9%85" class="extiw" title="wikt:قزم">قزم</a>), Chinese ǎixíngxīng (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%9F%AE" class="extiw" title="wikt:矮">矮</a>行星), Korean waesohangseong (왜소행성;矮小行星), but Japanese and Latin are exceptions: In Japanese they are called junwakusei (準惑星) meaning "subplanets" or "almost-planets", and the modern Latin name, planetula (or planetion following the Greek), is a <a href="/wiki/Diminutive" title="Diminutive">diminutive</a> derivation of planeta, hence also meaning something less than a planet. IAU Resolution 6a of 2006<a href="#cite_note-Resolution_Result-39">[39]</a> recognizes Pluto as "the prototype of a new category of trans-Neptunian objects". The name and precise nature of this category were not specified but left for the IAU to establish at a later date; in the debate leading up to the resolution, the members of the category were variously referred to as plutons and plutonian objects but neither name was carried forward, perhaps due to objections from geologists that this would create confusion with their <a href="/wiki/Pluton" title="Pluton">pluton</a>.<a href="#cite_note-finalresolution-1">[1]</a> On 11 June 2008, the IAU Executive Committee announced a name, <a href="/wiki/Plutoid" title="Plutoid">plutoid</a>, and a definition: all trans-Neptunian dwarf planets are plutoids.<a href="#cite_note-IAU2008-15">[15]</a> The authority of that initial announcement, however, has not been universally recognized: <blockquote> "...in part because of an email miscommunication, the <a href="/wiki/International_Astronomical_Union" title="International Astronomical Union">WG-PSN [Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature]</a> was not involved in choosing the word plutoid. ... In fact, a vote taken by the WG-PSN subsequent to the Executive Committee meeting has rejected the use of that speciﬁc term..."<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> </blockquote> <h2>Characteristics[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwarf_planet&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Characteristics">edit</a>]</h2> <table class="wikitable sortable floatright" style="text-align:center; width: 330px;"> <caption>Planetary discriminants<a href="#cite_note-soter-41">[41]</a></caption> <tr> <th>Body</th> <th style="font-weight: normal;">M⊕ (1)</th> <th style="font-weight: normal;">Λ (2)</th> <th style="font-weight: normal;">µ (3)</th> <th style="font-weight: normal;">Π (4)</th> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a></td> <td>000.055 !0.055</td> <td>00000001950 !1.95 × 103</td> <td>009100 !9.1 × 104</td> <td>001300000 !1.3 × 102</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a></td> <td>000.815 !0.815</td> <td>00000166000 !1.66 × 105</td> <td>135000 !1.35 × 106</td> <td>009500000 !9.5 × 102</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a></td> <td>001 !1</td> <td>00000153000 !1.53 × 105</td> <td>170000 !1.7 × 106</td> <td>008100000 !8.1 × 102</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a></td> <td>000.107 !0.107</td> <td>00000000942 !9.42 × 102</td> <td>018000 !1.8 × 105</td> <td>000540000 !5.4 × 101</td> </tr> <tr style="background: #EEF;"> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)" title="Ceres (dwarf planet)">Ceres</a></td> <td>000.00015 !0.00015</td> <td>0000000000.000832 !8.32 × 10−4</td> <td>000000.33 !0.33</td> <td>000000400 !4.0 × 10−2</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a></td> <td>317.7 !317.7</td> <td>1300000000 !1.30 × 109</td> <td>062500 !6.25 × 105</td> <td>400000000 !4.0 × 104</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a></td> <td>095.2 !95.2</td> <td>0046800000 !4.68 × 107</td> <td>019000 !1.9 × 105</td> <td>061000000 !6.1 × 103</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Uranus" title="Uranus">Uranus</a></td> <td>014.5 !14.5</td> <td>0000384000 !3.85 × 105</td> <td>002900 !2.9 × 104</td> <td>004200000 !4.2 × 102</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Neptune" title="Neptune">Neptune</a></td> <td>017.1 !17.1</td> <td>0000273000 !2.73 × 105</td> <td>002400 !2.4 × 104</td> <td>003000000 !3.0 × 102</td> </tr> <tr style="background: #EEF;"> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto">Pluto</a></td> <td>000.0022 !0.0022</td> <td>0000000000.00295 !2.95 × 10−3</td> <td>000000.077 !0.077</td> <td>000000280 !2.8 × 10−2</td> </tr> <tr style="background: #EEF;"> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Eris_(dwarf_planet)" title="Eris (dwarf planet)">Eris</a></td> <td>000.0028 !0.0028</td> <td>0000000000.00215 !2.13 × 10−3</td> <td>000000.1 !0.10</td> <td>000000200 !2.0 × 10−2</td> </tr> <tr style="background: #EEF;"> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/90377_Sedna" title="90377 Sedna">Sedna</a></td> <td>000.00022 !0.00022</td> <td>0000000000.000000364 !3.64 × 10−7</td> <td>000000.07 !<0.07<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a></td> <td>000000002 !1.6 × 10−4</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="5" style="font-size: 0.8em; font-weight: normal; text-align: center; padding: 4px;"> Showing the planets and the largest known sub-planetary objects (purple) covering the orbital zones containing likely dwarf planets. All known possible dwarf planets have smaller discriminants than those shown for that zone. </th> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="5"> <table style="font-size: 0.9em; font-weight: normal; text-align: left; padding: 4px"> <tr> <td valign="top">(1)</td> <td>M⊕ <a href="/wiki/Earth_mass" title="Earth mass">Earth mass</a> is the unit of mass equal to that of Earth (5.97 × 1024 kg).</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">(2)</td> <td>Λ is the capacity to <a href="/wiki/Clearing_the_neighbourhood" title="Clearing the neighbourhood">clear the neighbourhood</a> (greater than 1 for planets) by Stern and Levison. Λ = k M2 a−3/2, where k = 0.0043 for units of <a href="/wiki/Yottagram" class="mw-redirect" title="Yottagram">Yg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Astronomical_unit" title="Astronomical unit">AU</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Stern_2002-43">[43]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">(3)</td> <td>µ is Soter's planetary discriminant (greater than 100 for planets). µ = M/m, where M is the mass of the body, and m is the aggregate mass of all the other bodies that share its orbital zone.</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top">(4)</td> <td>Π is the capacity to <a href="/wiki/Clearing_the_neighbourhood" title="Clearing the neighbourhood">clear the neighbourhood</a> (greater than 1 for planets) by Margot. Λ = k M a−9/8, where k = 807 for units of <a href="/wiki/Earth_mass" title="Earth mass">Earth masses</a> and <a href="/wiki/Astronomical_unit" title="Astronomical unit">AU</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Margot_2015-44">[44]</a></td> </tr> </table> </th> </tr> </table> <h3>Orbital dominance[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwarf_planet&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Orbital dominance">edit</a>]</h3> <div role="note" class="hatnote">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Clearing_the_neighbourhood" title="Clearing the neighbourhood">Clearing the neighbourhood</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Alan_Stern" title="Alan Stern">Alan Stern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harold_F._Levison" title="Harold F. Levison">Harold F. Levison</a> introduced a parameter Λ (<a href="/wiki/Lambda" title="Lambda">lambda</a>), expressing the likelihood of an encounter resulting in a given deflection of orbit.<a href="#cite_note-Stern_2002-43">[43]</a> The value of this parameter in Stern's model is proportional to the square of the mass and inversely proportional to the period. This value can be used to estimate the capacity of a body to <a href="/wiki/Clearing_the_neighbourhood" title="Clearing the neighbourhood">clear the neighbourhood</a> of its orbit, where Λ > 1 will eventually clear it. A gap of five orders of magnitude in Λ was found between the smallest <a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_planet" title="Terrestrial planet">terrestrial planets</a> and the largest asteroids and Kuiper belt objects.<a href="#cite_note-soter-41">[41]</a> Using this parameter, <a href="/wiki/Steven_Soter" title="Steven Soter">Steven Soter</a> and other astronomers argued for a distinction between planets and dwarf planets based on the inability of the latter to "clear the neighbourhood around their orbits": planets are able to remove smaller bodies near their orbits by collision, capture, or gravitational disturbance (or establish orbital resonances that prevent collisions), whereas dwarf planets lack the mass to do so.<a href="#cite_note-Stern_2002-43">[43]</a> Soter went on to propose a parameter he called the planetary discriminant, designated with the symbol µ (<a href="/wiki/Mu_(letter)" title="Mu (letter)">mu</a>), that represents an experimental measure of the actual degree of cleanliness of the orbital zone (where µ is calculated by dividing the mass of the candidate body by the total mass of the other objects that share its orbital zone), where µ > 100 is deemed to be cleared.<a href="#cite_note-soter-41">[41]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Margot" title="Jean-Luc Margot">Jean-Luc Margot</a> refined Stern and Levison's concept to produce a similar parameter Π (<a href="/wiki/Pi" title="Pi">Pi</a>).<a href="#cite_note-Margot_2015-44">[44]</a> It is based on theory, avoiding the empirical data used by Λ. Π > 1 indicates a planet, and there is again a gap of several orders of magnitude between planets and dwarf planets. There are several other schemes that try to differentiate between planets and dwarf planets,<a href="#cite_note-Stern-6">[6]</a> but the 2006 definition uses this concept.<a href="#cite_note-finalresolution-1">[1]</a> <h3>Hydrostatic equilibrium[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwarf_planet&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Hydrostatic equilibrium">edit</a>]</h3> <div role="note" class="hatnote">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hydrostatic_equilibrium" title="Hydrostatic equilibrium">Hydrostatic equilibrium</a></div> Sufficient internal pressure, caused by the body's gravitation, will turn a body <a href="/wiki/Plasticity_(physics)" title="Plasticity (physics)">plastic</a>, and sufficient plasticity will allow high elevations to sink and hollows to fill in, a process known as gravitational relaxation. Bodies smaller than a few kilometers are dominated by non-gravitational forces and tend to have an irregular shape. Larger objects, where gravitation is significant but not dominant, are "potato" shaped; the more massive the body is, the higher its internal pressure and the more rounded its shape, until the pressure is sufficient to overcome its internal <a href="/wiki/Compressive_strength" title="Compressive strength">compressive strength</a> and it achieves <a href="/wiki/Hydrostatic_equilibrium" title="Hydrostatic equilibrium">hydrostatic equilibrium</a>. At this point a body is as round as it is possible to be, given its rotation and tidal effects, and is an <a href="/wiki/Ellipsoid" title="Ellipsoid">ellipsoid</a> in shape. This is the defining limit of a dwarf planet.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> When an object is in hydrostatic equilibrium, a global layer of liquid covering its surface would form a liquid surface of the same shape as the body, apart from small-scale surface features such as craters and fissures. If the body does not rotate, it will be a sphere, but the faster it does rotate, the more <a href="/wiki/Oblate_spheroid" class="mw-redirect" title="Oblate spheroid">oblate</a> or even <a href="/wiki/Ellipsoid" title="Ellipsoid">scalene</a> it becomes. However, if such a rotating body were to be heated until it melted, its overall shape would not change when liquid. The extreme example of a non-spherical body in hydrostatic equilibrium is <a href="/wiki/Haumea" title="Haumea">Haumea</a>, which is twice as long along its major axis as it is at the poles. If the body has a massive nearby companion, then tidal forces come into effect as well, distorting it into a <a href="/wiki/Prolate_spheroid" class="mw-redirect" title="Prolate spheroid">prolate spheroid</a>. An example of this is Jupiter's moon <a href="/wiki/Io_(moon)" title="Io (moon)">Io</a>, which is the most volcanically active body in the Solar System due to effects of <a href="/wiki/Tidal_heating" title="Tidal heating">tidal heating</a>. Tidal forces also cause a body's rotation to gradually become <a href="/wiki/Tidal_locking" title="Tidal locking">tidally locked</a>, such that it always presents the same face to its companion. An extreme example of this is the Pluto–Charon system, where both bodies are tidally locked to each other. Earth's <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a> is also tidally locked, as are many satellites of the gas giants. <div class="thumb tleft"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:302px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Dwarf_planet_masses_relative_to_Moon.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Dwarf_planet_masses_relative_to_Moon.svg/300px-Dwarf_planet_masses_relative_to_Moon.svg.png" width="300" height="208" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Dwarf_planet_masses_relative_to_Moon.svg/450px-Dwarf_planet_masses_relative_to_Moon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Dwarf_planet_masses_relative_to_Moon.svg/600px-Dwarf_planet_masses_relative_to_Moon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="622" data-file-height="432" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Dwarf_planet_masses_relative_to_Moon.svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> The masses of the IAU-recognized dwarf planets plus Charon relative to the Moon. The mass of Makemake is a rough estimate. (See <a href="/wiki/Plutoid" title="Plutoid">plutoid</a> for a graph of several additional likely dwarf planets without Ceres.)</div> </div> </div> The upper and lower size and mass limits of dwarf planets have not been specified by the IAU. There is no defined upper limit, and an object larger or more massive than <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a> that has not "cleared the neighbourhood around its orbit" would be classified as a dwarf planet.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> The lower limit is determined by the requirements of achieving a hydrostatic equilibrium shape, but the size or mass at which an object attains this shape depends on its composition and thermal history. The original draft of the 2006 IAU resolution redefined hydrostatic equilibrium shape as applying "to objects with mass above 5×1020 kg and diameter greater than 800 km",<a href="#cite_note-Draft_Resolution_5-16">[16]</a> but this was not retained in the final draft.<a href="#cite_note-finalresolution-1">[1]</a> Empirical observations suggest that the lower limit will vary according to the composition and thermal history of the object. For a body made of rigid silicates, such as the stony asteroids, the transition to hydrostatic equilibrium should occur at a diameter of approximately 600 km and a mass of some 3.4×1020 kg. For a body made of less rigid water ice, the limit should be about 320 km and 1019 kg.<a href="#cite_note-Cole2000-47">[47]</a> In the asteroid belt, Ceres is the only body that clearly surpasses the silicaceous limit (though it is actually a rocky–icy body), and its shape is an equilibrium spheroid. <a href="/wiki/2_Pallas" title="2 Pallas">2 Pallas</a> and <a href="/wiki/4_Vesta" title="4 Vesta">4 Vesta</a>, however, are rocky and are just below the limit. Pallas, at 525–560 km and 1.85–2.4×1020 kg, is "nearly round" but still somewhat irregular. Vesta, at 530 km and 2.6×1020 kg, deviates from an ellipsoid shape primarily due to a large impact basin at its pole. <h2>Dwarf planets and possible dwarf planets[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwarf_planet&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Dwarf planets and possible dwarf planets">edit</a>]</h2> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:451px;"><a href="/wiki/File:TheTransneptunians_Size_Albedo_Color.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/TheTransneptunians_Size_Albedo_Color.svg/449px-TheTransneptunians_Size_Albedo_Color.svg.png" width="449" height="225" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/TheTransneptunians_Size_Albedo_Color.svg/674px-TheTransneptunians_Size_Albedo_Color.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/TheTransneptunians_Size_Albedo_Color.svg/898px-TheTransneptunians_Size_Albedo_Color.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:TheTransneptunians_Size_Albedo_Color.svg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> Illustration of the relative sizes, <a href="/wiki/Albedo" title="Albedo">albedos</a>, and colours of the largest trans-Neptunian objects</div> </div> </div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_possible_dwarf_planets" title="List of possible dwarf planets">List of possible dwarf planets</a></div> Many <a href="/wiki/Trans-Neptunian_object" title="Trans-Neptunian object">trans-Neptunian objects</a> (TNOs) are thought to have icy cores and therefore would require a diameter of perhaps 400 km (250 mi)—only about 3% of that of Earth—to relax into gravitational equilibrium.<a href="#cite_note-Brown-48">[48]</a> As of January 2015<a class="external text" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dwarf_planet&action=edit">[update]</a>, about 150 known TNOs are thought to be probably dwarf planets, although only rough estimates of the diameters of most of these objects are available.<a href="#cite_note-BrownList-11">[11]</a> A team is investigating thirty of these, and think that the number will eventually prove to be around 200 in the Kuiper belt, with thousands more beyond.<a href="#cite_note-Brown-48">[48]</a> <h3>Recognized[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwarf_planet&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Recognized">edit</a>]</h3> The IAU has recognized five bodies as dwarf planets since 2008: Ceres, Pluto, Eris, Haumea, and Makemake.<a href="#cite_note-IAU-DP5-49">[49]</a> Ceres and Pluto are known to be dwarf planets through direct observation.<a href="#cite_note-Tancredi2008-50">[50]</a> Eris is recognized as a dwarf planet because it is more massive than Pluto (measurements by New Horizons indicate that Pluto's diameter is larger than that of Eris), whereas Haumea and Makemake qualify based on their absolute magnitudes.<a href="#cite_note-WGPSN-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-Resolution_Result-39">[39]</a> In relative distance from the Sun, the five are: <ol> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)" title="Ceres (dwarf planet)">Ceres</a> ⚳ – discovered on January 1, 1801, 45 years before <a href="/wiki/Neptune" title="Neptune">Neptune</a>. Considered a planet for half a century before reclassification as an asteroid. Accepted as a dwarf planet by the IAU on September 13, 2006.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto">Pluto</a> ♇ – discovered on February 18, 1930. Classified as a planet for 76 years. Reclassified as a dwarf planet by the IAU on August 24, 2006.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haumea" title="Haumea">Haumea</a> – discovered on December 28, 2004. Accepted by the IAU as a dwarf planet on September 17, 2008.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makemake" title="Makemake">Makemake</a> – discovered on March 31, 2005. Accepted by the IAU as a dwarf planet on July 11, 2008.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eris_(dwarf_planet)" title="Eris (dwarf planet)">Eris</a> – discovered on January 5, 2005. Called the "<a href="/wiki/Planets_beyond_Neptune" title="Planets beyond Neptune">tenth planet</a>" in media reports. Accepted by the IAU as a dwarf planet on September 13, 2006.</li> </ol> <h3>Proposed[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwarf_planet&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Proposed">edit</a>]</h3> <div role="note" class="hatnote">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_possible_dwarf_planets" title="List of possible dwarf planets">List of possible dwarf planets</a></div> Mike Brown considers an additional six trans-Neptunian objects to be "nearly certainly"<a href="#cite_note-BrownList-11">[11]</a> dwarf planets with diameters at or above 900 kilometers. These objects are: <ol> <li><a href="/wiki/50000_Quaoar" title="50000 Quaoar">Quaoar</a> – discovered on June 5, 2002</li> <li><a href="/wiki/(307261)_2002_MS4" title="(307261) 2002 MS4">2002 MS4</a> – discovered on June 18, 2002</li> <li><a href="/wiki/90377_Sedna" title="90377 Sedna">Sedna</a> – discovered on November 14, 2003</li> <li><a href="/wiki/90482_Orcus" title="90482 Orcus">Orcus</a> – discovered on February 17, 2004</li> <li><a href="/wiki/120347_Salacia" title="120347 Salacia">Salacia</a> – discovered on September 22, 2004</li> <li><a href="/wiki/(225088)_2007_OR10" title="(225088) 2007 OR10">2007 OR10</a> – discovered on July 17, 2007</li> </ol> Tancredi et al. advised the IAU to officially accept Orcus, Sedna and Quaoar. In addition, <a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Tancredi" title="Gonzalo Tancredi">Gonzalo Tancredi</a> considers the five TNOs <a href="/wiki/20000_Varuna" title="20000 Varuna">Varuna</a>, <a href="/wiki/28978_Ixion" title="28978 Ixion">Ixion</a>, <a href="/wiki/(208996)_2003_AZ84" title="(208996) 2003 AZ84">2003 AZ84</a>, <a href="/wiki/(90568)_2004_GV9" title="(90568) 2004 GV9">2004 GV9</a>, and <a href="/wiki/(55565)_2002_AW197" title="(55565) 2002 AW197">2002 AW197</a> to be dwarf planets as well.<a href="#cite_note-Tancredi2008-50">[50]</a> <table style="background-color: #D6D6FF; margin: 18px auto; border: 1px solid #BDBDFF; padding: 6px;"> <caption style="font-size: 1.2em;">Objects recognized by the IAU as dwarf planets</caption> <tr> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="width: 100%; margin: 0;"> <caption>Orbital attributes<a href="#cite_note-asteroidorbit-51">[51]</a></caption> <tr style="font-size: smaller;"> <th width="54">Name</th> <th>Region of the Solar System</th> <th>Orbital radius (<a href="/wiki/Astronomical_unit" title="Astronomical unit">AU</a>)</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Orbital_period" title="Orbital period">Orbital period</a> (years)</th> <th>Mean orbital speed (km/s)</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Inclination" class="mw-redirect" title="Inclination">Inclination to ecliptic</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Orbital_eccentricity" title="Orbital eccentricity">Orbital eccentricity</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Clearing_the_neighbourhood" title="Clearing the neighbourhood">Planetary discriminant</a></th> </tr> <tr align="center"> <th align="left"><a href="/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)" title="Ceres (dwarf planet)">Ceres</a></th> <td><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_belt" title="Asteroid belt">Asteroid belt</a></td> <td>2.77</td> <td>4.60</td> <td>17.882</td> <td>10.59°</td> <td>0.079</td> <td>0.33</td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <th align="left"><a href="/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto">Pluto</a></th> <td><a href="/wiki/Kuiper_belt" title="Kuiper belt">Kuiper belt</a> (<a href="/wiki/Plutino" title="Plutino">plutino</a>)</td> <td>39.48</td> <td>248.09</td> <td>4.666</td> <td>17.14°</td> <td>0.249</td> <td>0.077</td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <th align="left"><a href="/wiki/Haumea" title="Haumea">Haumea</a></th> <td><a href="/wiki/Kuiper_belt" title="Kuiper belt">Kuiper belt</a> (<a href="/wiki/Resonant_trans-Neptunian_object" title="Resonant trans-Neptunian object">12:7</a>)</td> <td>43.13</td> <td>283.28</td> <td></td> <td>28.22°</td> <td>0.195</td> <td>0.020</td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <th align="left"><a href="/wiki/Makemake" title="Makemake">Makemake</a></th> <td><a href="/wiki/Kuiper_belt" title="Kuiper belt">Kuiper belt</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cubewano" class="mw-redirect" title="Cubewano">cubewano</a>)</td> <td>45.79</td> <td>309.9</td> <td>4.419</td> <td>28.96°</td> <td>0.159</td> <td>0.02</td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <th align="left"><a href="/wiki/Eris_(dwarf_planet)" title="Eris (dwarf planet)">Eris</a></th> <td><a href="/wiki/Scattered_disc" title="Scattered disc">Scattered disc</a></td> <td>67.67</td> <td>557</td> <td>3.436</td> <td>44.19°</td> <td>0.442</td> <td>0.10</td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="width: 100%; margin: 10px 0;"> <caption>Physical attributes</caption> <tr style="font-size: smaller;"> <th width="54">Name</th> <th>Diameter relative to the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a></th> <th>Diameter (km)</th> <th>Mass relative to the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a></th> <th>Mass (×1021 kg)</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">Density</a> (g/cm3)</th> <th>Surface <a href="/wiki/Gravitation" class="mw-redirect" title="Gravitation">gravity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Acceleration" title="Acceleration">m/s2</a>)</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Escape_velocity" title="Escape velocity">Escape velocity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Speed" title="Speed">km/s</a>)</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Axial_tilt" title="Axial tilt">Axial inclination</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Rotation_period" title="Rotation period">Rotation period</a> (days)</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Natural_satellite" title="Natural satellite">Moons</a></th> <th>Surface <a href="/wiki/Temperature" title="Temperature">temp.</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a>)</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Atmosphere" title="Atmosphere">Atmosphere</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Absolute_magnitude" title="Absolute magnitude">H</a></th> </tr> <tr align="center"> <th align="left"><a href="/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)" title="Ceres (dwarf planet)">Ceres</a></th> <td>27%</td> <td>946</td> <td>1.3%</td> <td>0.94</td> <td>2.17</td> <td>0.29</td> <td>0.51</td> <td>≈ 3°</td> <td>0.38</td> <td>0</td> <td>167</td> <td>none</td> <td>3.3</td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <th align="left"><a href="/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto">Pluto</a></th> <td>68%</td> <td>7003237200000000000♠2372±2</td> <td>17.8%</td> <td>13.05</td> <td>1.87</td> <td>0.58</td> <td>1.2</td> <td>119.59°</td> <td>−6.39</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Pluto" title="Moons of Pluto">5</a></td> <td>44</td> <td>transient</td> <td>−0.4</td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <th align="left"><a href="/wiki/Haumea" title="Haumea">Haumea</a></th> <td>≈ 36%</td> <td>7003124000000000000♠1240+69 −58</td> <td>5.5%</td> <td>7000401000000000000♠4.01±0.04</td> <td>2.6–3.3 (?)</td> <td>0.44</td> <td>0.84</td> <td></td> <td>0.16</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Haumea" title="Moons of Haumea">2</a></td> <td>7001320000000000000♠32±3</td> <td> ?</td> <td>0.1</td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <th align="left"><a href="/wiki/Makemake" title="Makemake">Makemake</a></th> <td>41%</td> <td>7003143000000000000♠1430±14</td> <td> ?</td> <td> ?</td> <td>> 1.4<a href="#cite_note-Brown2013-52">[52]</a></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> ?</td> <td>0.32</td> <td>1</td> <td>≈ 30</td> <td>none<a href="#cite_note-European_Southern_Observatory-53">[53]</a></td> <td>−0.3</td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <th align="left"><a href="/wiki/Eris_(dwarf_planet)" title="Eris (dwarf planet)">Eris</a></th> <td>67%</td> <td>7003232600000000000♠2326±12</td> <td>22.7%</td> <td>16.7</td> <td>2.5</td> <td>≈ 0.8</td> <td>1.3</td> <td></td> <td>≈ 1 (0.75–1.4)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dysnomia_(moon)" title="Dysnomia (moon)">1</a></td> <td>≈ 42</td> <td>transient?</td> <td>−1.2</td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <table style="background-color: #D4E2FC; margin: 24px auto 8px auto; border: 1px solid #8EB2F6; padding: 6px;"> <caption style="font-size: 1.2em;">Additional objects recognized by Brown and Tancredi as dwarf planets</caption> <tr> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="width: 100%; margin: 0;"> <caption>Orbital attributes<a href="#cite_note-asteroidorbit-51">[51]</a></caption> <tr style="font-size: smaller;"> <th width="54">Name</th> <th>Region of the Solar System</th> <th>Orbital radius (<a href="/wiki/Astronomical_unit" title="Astronomical unit">AU</a>)</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Orbital_period" title="Orbital period">Orbital period</a> (years)</th> <th>Mean orbital speed (km/s)</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Inclination" class="mw-redirect" title="Inclination">Inclination to ecliptic</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Orbital_eccentricity" title="Orbital eccentricity">Orbital eccentricity</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Clearing_the_neighbourhood" title="Clearing the neighbourhood">Planetary discriminant</a></th> </tr> <tr align="center"> <th align="left"><a href="/wiki/90482_Orcus" title="90482 Orcus">Orcus</a></th> <td><a href="/wiki/Kuiper_belt" title="Kuiper belt">Kuiper belt</a> (<a href="/wiki/Plutino" title="Plutino">plutino</a>)</td> <td>39.17</td> <td>245.18</td> <td></td> <td>20.57°</td> <td>0.227</td> <td>0.003</td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <th align="left"><a href="/wiki/(307261)_2002_MS4" title="(307261) 2002 MS4">2002 MS4</a></th> <td><a href="/wiki/Kuiper_belt" title="Kuiper belt">Kuiper belt</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cubewano" class="mw-redirect" title="Cubewano">cubewano</a>)</td> <td>41.931</td> <td>271.53</td> <td></td> <td>17.693°</td> <td>0.14135</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <th align="left"><a href="/wiki/120347_Salacia" title="120347 Salacia">Salacia</a></th> <td><a href="/wiki/Kuiper_belt" title="Kuiper belt">Kuiper belt</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cubewano" class="mw-redirect" title="Cubewano">cubewano</a>)</td> <td>42.1889</td> <td>274.03</td> <td></td> <td>23.9396°</td> <td>0.10312</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <th align="left"><a href="/wiki/50000_Quaoar" title="50000 Quaoar">Quaoar</a></th> <td><a href="/wiki/Kuiper_belt" title="Kuiper belt">Kuiper belt</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cubewano" class="mw-redirect" title="Cubewano">cubewano</a>)</td> <td>43.405</td> <td>285.97</td> <td></td> <td>8.00°</td> <td>0.039</td> <td>0.007–0.010</td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <th align="left"><a href="/wiki/(225088)_2007_OR10" title="(225088) 2007 OR10">2007 OR10</a></th> <td><a href="/wiki/Scattered_disc" title="Scattered disc">Scattered disc</a> (<a href="/wiki/Resonant_trans-Neptunian_object" title="Resonant trans-Neptunian object">10:3</a>)</td> <td>67.21</td> <td>550.98</td> <td></td> <td>30.70°</td> <td>0.500</td> <td> ?</td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <th align="left"><a href="/wiki/90377_Sedna" title="90377 Sedna">Sedna</a></th> <td><a href="/wiki/Detached_object" title="Detached object">Detached</a></td> <td>518.57</td> <td>≈ 11,400</td> <td></td> <td>11.93°</td> <td>0.853</td> <td>< 0.07</td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <table class="wikitable" style="width: 100%; margin: 10px 0;"> <caption>Physical attributes</caption> <tr style="font-size: smaller;"> <th>Name</th> <th>Diameter relative to the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a></th> <th>Diameter (km)</th> <th>Mass relative to the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a></th> <th>Mass (×1021 kg)</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">Density</a> (g/cm3)</th> <th>Surface <a href="/wiki/Gravitation" class="mw-redirect" title="Gravitation">gravity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Acceleration" title="Acceleration">m/s2</a>)</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Escape_velocity" title="Escape velocity">Escape velocity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Speed" title="Speed">km/s</a>)</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Axial_tilt" title="Axial tilt">Axial inclination</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Rotation_period" title="Rotation period">Rotation period</a> (days)</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Natural_satellite" title="Natural satellite">Moons</a></th> <th>Surface <a href="/wiki/Temperature" title="Temperature">temp.</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a>)</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Atmosphere" title="Atmosphere">Atmosphere</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Absolute_magnitude" title="Absolute magnitude">H</a></th> </tr> <tr align="center"> <th align="left"><a href="/wiki/90482_Orcus" title="90482 Orcus">Orcus</a></th> <td>26%</td> <td>7002917000000000000♠917±25</td> <td>0.9%</td> <td>0.63</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>0.55</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vanth_(moon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanth (moon)">1</a></td> <td>< 44</td> <td></td> <td>2.2</td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <th align="left"><a href="/wiki/(307261)_2002_MS4" title="(307261) 2002 MS4">2002 MS4</a></th> <td>≈ 27%</td> <td>7002934000000000000♠934±47</td> <td></td> <td> ?</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td> ?</td> <td>0</td> <td>≈ 43</td> <td></td> <td>3.7</td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <th align="left"><a href="/wiki/120347_Salacia" title="120347 Salacia">Salacia</a></th> <td>≈ 25%</td> <td>7002854000000000000♠854±45</td> <td>0.6%</td> <td>0.45</td> <td>7000115999999999999♠1.16+0.59 −0.36</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>0.25</td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>4.0</td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <th align="left"><a href="/wiki/50000_Quaoar" title="50000 Quaoar">Quaoar</a></th> <td>32%</td> <td>7003111000000000000♠1110±5</td> <td>1.8–2.0%</td> <td>7000139999999999999♠1.4±0.1</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>0.74</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Weywot_(moon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Weywot (moon)">1</a></td> <td>≈ 43</td> <td></td> <td>2.4</td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <th align="left"><a href="/wiki/(225088)_2007_OR10" title="(225088) 2007 OR10">2007 OR10</a></th> <td>≈ 44%</td> <td>7003153500000000000♠1535+75 −225</td> <td></td> <td> ?</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1.87</td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1.8</td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <th align="left"><a href="/wiki/90377_Sedna" title="90377 Sedna">Sedna</a></th> <td>≈ 30%</td> <td>7002995000000000000♠995±80</td> <td>≈ 1.4%</td> <td>≈ 1</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>0.42</td> <td>0</td> <td>≈ 12</td> <td></td> <td>1.5</td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <a href="/wiki/4_Vesta" title="4 Vesta">Vesta</a>, the next-most-massive body in the asteroid belt after Ceres, is roughly spherical, deviating mainly because of massive impacts that formed <a href="/wiki/Rheasilvia" title="Rheasilvia">Rheasilvia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Veneneia" title="Veneneia">Veneneia</a> crater after it solidified.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> Furthermore, its triaxial dimensions are not consistent with hydrostatic equilibrium.<a href="#cite_note-Asmar_2012-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-Russel_2012-56">[56]</a> <a href="/wiki/Triton_(moon)" title="Triton (moon)">Triton</a> is thought to be a captured dwarf planet.<a href="#cite_note-Agnor06-57">[57]</a> <a href="/wiki/Phoebe_(moon)" title="Phoebe (moon)">Phoebe</a> is a captured body that, like Vesta, is no longer in hydrostatic equilibrium, but is thought to have been so early in its history.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> <h2>Exploration[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwarf_planet&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Exploration">edit</a>]</h2> On March 6, 2015, the <a href="/wiki/Dawn_(spacecraft)" title="Dawn (spacecraft)">Dawn</a> spacecraft began to orbit <a href="/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)" title="Ceres (dwarf planet)">Ceres</a>, becoming the first spacecraft to orbit a dwarf planet.<a href="#cite_note-NASA-20150306-59">[59]</a> On 14 July 2015, the <a href="/wiki/New_Horizons" title="New Horizons">New Horizons</a> space probe flew by <a href="/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto">Pluto</a> and its five moons. Dawn has also explored the former dwarf planet, Vesta. Phoebe has been explored by Cassini (most recently) and Voyager 2, which also explored <a href="/wiki/Triton_(moon)" title="Triton (moon)">Triton</a>. These three are thought to be former dwarf planets and therefore their exploration helps in the study of the evolution of dwarf planets. <h2>Contention[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwarf_planet&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Contention">edit</a>]</h2> In the immediate aftermath of the IAU definition of dwarf planet, a number of scientists expressed their disagreement with the IAU resolution.<a href="#cite_note-Stern-6">[6]</a> Campaigns included car bumper stickers and T-shirts.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_E._Brown" title="Michael E. Brown">Mike Brown</a> (the discoverer of Eris) agrees with the reduction of the number of planets to eight.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> NASA has announced that it will use the new guidelines established by the IAU.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> However, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Stern" title="Alan Stern">Alan Stern</a>, the director of <a href="/wiki/New_Horizons" title="New Horizons">NASA's mission to Pluto</a>, rejects the current IAU definition of planet, both in terms of defining dwarf planets as something other than a type of planet, and in using orbital characteristics (rather than intrinsic characteristics) of objects to define them as dwarf planets.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> Thus, in 2011, he still referred to Pluto as a planet,<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> and accepted other dwarf planets such as Ceres and Eris, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Satellite_planet" class="mw-redirect" title="Satellite planet">larger moons</a>, as additional planets.<a href="#cite_note-News.discovery.com-65">[65]</a> Several years before the IAU definition, he used orbital characteristics to separate "überplanets" (the dominant eight) from "unterplanets" (the dwarf planets), considering both types "planets".<a href="#cite_note-Stern_2002-43">[43]</a> <h2>Planetary-mass moons[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwarf_planet&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Planetary-mass moons">edit</a>]</h2> <div role="note" class="hatnote">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_natural_satellites" title="List of natural satellites">List of natural satellites</a></div> Nineteen <a href="/wiki/Natural_satellite" title="Natural satellite">moons</a> are known to be massive enough to have relaxed into a rounded shape under their own gravity, and seven of them are more massive than either Eris or Pluto. They are not physically distinct from the dwarf planets, but are not dwarf planets because they do not directly orbit the Sun. The seven that are more massive than Eris are the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a>, the four <a href="/wiki/Galilean_moons" title="Galilean moons">Galilean moons</a> of Jupiter (<a href="/wiki/Io_(moon)" title="Io (moon)">Io</a>, <a href="/wiki/Europa_(moon)" title="Europa (moon)">Europa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ganymede_(moon)" title="Ganymede (moon)">Ganymede</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Callisto_(moon)" title="Callisto (moon)">Callisto</a>), one moon of Saturn (<a href="/wiki/Titan_(moon)" title="Titan (moon)">Titan</a>), and one moon of Neptune (<a href="/wiki/Triton_(moon)" title="Triton (moon)">Triton</a>). The others are six moons of Saturn (<a href="/wiki/Mimas_(moon)" title="Mimas (moon)">Mimas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enceladus_(moon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Enceladus (moon)">Enceladus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tethys_(moon)" title="Tethys (moon)">Tethys</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dione_(moon)" title="Dione (moon)">Dione</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhea_(moon)" title="Rhea (moon)">Rhea</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Iapetus_(moon)" title="Iapetus (moon)">Iapetus</a>), five moons of Uranus (<a href="/wiki/Miranda_(moon)" title="Miranda (moon)">Miranda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ariel_(moon)" title="Ariel (moon)">Ariel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Umbriel_(moon)" title="Umbriel (moon)">Umbriel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Titania_(moon)" title="Titania (moon)">Titania</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Oberon_(moon)" title="Oberon (moon)">Oberon</a>), and one moon of Pluto (<a href="/wiki/Charon_(moon)" title="Charon (moon)">Charon</a>). There are additional possibilities among TNOs, including <a href="/wiki/Dysnomia_(moon)" title="Dysnomia (moon)">Dysnomia</a> orbiting Eris. Alan Stern calls these moons "satellite planets", one of three categories of planet together with dwarf planets and classical planets.<a href="#cite_note-News.discovery.com-65">[65]</a> The term <a href="/wiki/Planemo" class="mw-redirect" title="Planemo">planemo</a> ("planetary-mass object") covers all three.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> In a draft resolution for the <a href="/wiki/IAU_definition_of_planet" title="IAU definition of planet">IAU definition of planet</a>, both Pluto and Charon would have been considered dwarf planets in a binary system, given that they both satisfied the mass and shape requirements for dwarf planets and revolved around a common <a href="/wiki/Center_of_mass#Barycenter_in_astrophysics_and_astronomy" title="Center of mass">center of mass</a> located between the two bodies (rather than within one of the bodies).<a href="#cite_note-67">[note 1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Draft_Resolution_5-16">[16]</a> The IAU currently states that Charon is not considered to be a dwarf planet and is just a satellite of Pluto, although the idea that Charon might qualify to be a dwarf planet in its own right may be considered at a later date.<a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a> The location of the <a href="/wiki/Barycenter" title="Barycenter">barycenter</a> depends not only on the relative masses of the bodies, but also on the distance between them; the barycenter of the Sun–Jupiter orbit, for example, lies outside the Sun. <h2>See also[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwarf_planet&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</h2> <table role="presentation" class="metadata mbox-small" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000"> <tr> <td class="mbox-image"><img alt="Book icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Office-book.svg/30px-Office-book.svg.png" width="30" height="30" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Office-book.svg/45px-Office-book.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Office-book.svg/60px-Office-book.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist"> <ul style="font-weight: bold"> <li><a href="/wiki/Book:Dwarf_Planets_of_the_Solar_System_%26_Their_Satellites" title="Book:Dwarf Planets of the Solar System & Their Satellites">Book: Dwarf Planets of the Solar System & Their Satellites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book:Solar_System" title="Book:Solar System">Book: Solar System</a></li> </ul> </td> </tr> </table> <div class="div-col columns column-count column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2;"> <ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Centaur_(minor_planet)" title="Centaur (minor planet)">Centaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gravitationally_rounded_objects_of_the_Solar_System" title="List of gravitationally rounded objects of the Solar System">List of gravitationally rounded objects of the Solar System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_planets" title="Lists of planets">List of planetary bodies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_possible_dwarf_planets" title="List of possible dwarf planets">List of possible dwarf planets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planet#Objects_formerly_considered_planets" title="Planet">List of Solar System bodies formerly regarded as planets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_small_Solar_System_bodies" title="Lists of small Solar System bodies">Lists of small Solar System bodies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoplanet" title="Mesoplanet">Mesoplanet</a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <h2>Notes[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwarf_planet&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</h2> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> The footnote in the original text reads: For two or more objects comprising a multiple object system.... A secondary object satisfying these conditions i.e. that of <a href="/wiki/Mass" title="Mass">mass</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shape" title="Shape">shape</a> is also designated a planet if the system <a href="/wiki/Barycentre" class="mw-redirect" title="Barycentre">barycentre</a> resides outside the primary. Secondary objects not satisfying these criteria are "satellites". Under this definition, Pluto's companion Charon is a planet, making Pluto–Charon a double planet.</li> </ol> </div> <h2>References[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwarf_planet&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</h2> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-finalresolution-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-finalresolution_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-finalresolution_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-finalresolution_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-finalresolution_1-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-finalresolution_1-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-finalresolution_1-5">f</a> <cite class="citation news">IAU (2006-08-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iau.org/static/resolutions/Resolution_GA26-5-6.pdf">"Definition of a Planet in the Solar System: Resolutions 5 and 6"</a> (PDF). IAU 2006 General Assembly. International Astronomical Union. Retrieved 2008-01-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwarf+planet&rft.atitle=Definition+of+a+Planet+in+the+Solar+System%3A+Resolutions+5+and+6&rft.au=IAU&rft.date=2006-08-24&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iau.org%2Fstatic%2Fresolutions%2FResolution_GA26-5-6.pdf&rft.jtitle=IAU+2006+General+Assembly&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brown_Schaller_2007-2"><a href="#cite_ref-Brown_Schaller_2007_2-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFBrownSchaller2007" class="citation journal"><a href="/wiki/Michael_E._Brown" title="Michael E. Brown">Brown, Michael E.</a>; Schaller, Emily L. (15 June 2007). "The Mass of Dwarf Planet Eris". Science. 316 (5831): 1585. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007Sci...316.1585B">2007Sci...316.1585B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1139415">10.1126/science.1139415</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17569855">17569855</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwarf+planet&rft.atitle=The+Mass+of+Dwarf+Planet+Eris&rft.aufirst=Michael+E.&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.au=Schaller%2C+Emily+L.&rft.date=2007-06-15&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2007Sci...316.1585B&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1139415&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17569855&rft.issue=5831&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.pages=1585&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=316" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Koski, Olivia (2010-12-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/magazine/2010/12/pl_print_mikebrown/">"Q&A: Astronomer Mike Brown on How He Killed Pluto"</a>. Wired. Retrieved 2012-02-12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwarf+planet&rft.atitle=Q%26A%3A+Astronomer+Mike+Brown+on+How+He+Killed+Pluto&rft.au=Koski%2C+Olivia&rft.date=2010-12-27&rft.genre=article&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2Fmagazine%2F2010%2F12%2Fpl_print_mikebrown%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Perlman, David (2006-08-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://astro.berkeley.edu/~basri/defineplanet/Chron06.htm">"Pluto demoted – from 9th planet to just a dwarf"</a>. San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 2012-02-12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwarf+planet&rft.atitle=Pluto+demoted+%93+from+9th+planet+to+just+a+dwarf&rft.au=Perlman%2C+David&rft.date=2006-08-25&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fastro.berkeley.edu%2F~basri%2Fdefineplanet%2FChron06.htm&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Kennedy, Stephanie (2006-08-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/am/content/2006/s1724061.htm">"Pluto stripped of planet status"</a>. "AM", ABC Local Radio. Retrieved 2012-02-12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwarf+planet&rft.atitle=Pluto+stripped+of+planet+status&rft.au=Kennedy%2C+Stephanie&rft.date=2006-08-25&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fam%2Fcontent%2F2006%2Fs1724061.htm&rft.jtitle=%22AM%22%2C+ABC+Local+Radio&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stern-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stern_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stern_6-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stern_6-2">c</a> <cite class="citation web">Rincon, Paul (2006-08-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/5283956.stm">"Pluto vote 'hijacked' in revolt"</a>. BBC News. Retrieved 2008-01-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwarf+planet&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.aulast=Rincon&rft.btitle=Pluto+vote+%27hijacked%27+in+revolt&rft.date=2006-08-25&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fscience%2Fnature%2F5283956.stm&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stern2009-7"><a href="#cite_ref-Stern2009_7-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Jorge Salazar (2009-11-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.earthsky.org/interviewpost/space/alan-stern-%E2%80%98a-chihuahua-is-still-a-dog-and-pluto-is-still-a-planet">"Alan Stern: 'A Chihuahua is still a dog, and Pluto is still a planet'"</a>. EarthSky (Earthsky Interviews). Retrieved 2009-12-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwarf+planet&rft.au=Jorge+Salazar&rft.btitle=Alan+Stern%3A+%27A+Chihuahua+is+still+a+dog%2C+and+Pluto+is+still+a+planet%27&rft.date=2009-11-30&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.earthsky.org%2Finterviewpost%2Fspace%2Falan-stern-%25E2%2580%2598a-chihuahua-is-still-a-dog-and-pluto-is-still-a-planet&rft.pub=EarthSky+%28Earthsky+Interviews%29&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> S. Alan Stern, "On the number of planets in the outer solar system: Evidence of a substantial population of 1000-km bodies", Icarus 90:2, April 1991</li> <li id="cite_note-WGPSN-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WGPSN_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WGPSN_9-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/append7.html#DwarfPlanets">"Dwarf Planets and their Systems"</a>. Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN). 2008-07-11. Retrieved 2008-07-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwarf+planet&rft.btitle=Dwarf+Planets+and+their+Systems&rft.date=2008-07-11&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fplanetarynames.wr.usgs.gov%2Fappend7.html%23DwarfPlanets&rft.pub=Working+Group+for+Planetary+System+Nomenclature+%28WGPSN%29&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-free-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-free_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-free_10-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mikebrownsplanets.com/2011/08/free-dwarf-planets.html">"Free the Dwarf Planets!"</a>. Michael Brown. 2011-08-24. Retrieved 2011-08-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwarf+planet&rft.btitle=Free+the+Dwarf+Planets%21&rft.date=2011-08-24&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mikebrownsplanets.com%2F2011%2F08%2Ffree-dwarf-planets.html&rft.pub=Michael+Brown&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BrownList-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BrownList_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BrownList_11-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BrownList_11-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BrownList_11-3">d</a> Mike Brown, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gps.caltech.edu/~mbrown/dps.html">'How many dwarf planets are there in the outer solar system?'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111018154917/http://www.gps.caltech.edu/~mbrown/dps.html">Archived</a> October 18, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Accessed 2013-11-15</li> <li id="cite_note-Stern2012-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stern2012_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stern2012_12-1">b</a> Stern, Alan (2012-08-24). The PI's Perspective. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141113225430/http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/overview/piPerspective.php?page=piPerspective_08_24_2012">Archived</a> 2014-11-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., 24 August 2012. Retrieved from <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/overview/piPerspective.php?page=piPerspective_08_24_2012">http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/overview/piPerspective.php?page=piPerspective_08_24_2012</a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-Brownlist2017-13"><a href="#cite_ref-Brownlist2017_13-0">^</a> Mike Brown, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gps.caltech.edu/~mbrown/dps.html">'How many dwarf planets are there in the outer solar system?'</a> Accessed 2017-01-23</li> <li id="cite_note-bruton-14"><a href="#cite_ref-bruton_14-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Dan Bruton. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100323180835/http://www.physics.sfasu.edu/astro/asteroids/sizemagnitude.html">"Conversion of Absolute Magnitude to Diameter for Minor Planets"</a>. Department of Physics & Astronomy (Stephen F. Austin State University). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.physics.sfasu.edu/astro/asteroids/sizemagnitude.html">the original</a> on 2010-03-23. Retrieved 2008-06-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwarf+planet&rft.au=Dan+Bruton&rft.btitle=Conversion+of+Absolute+Magnitude+to+Diameter+for+Minor+Planets&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.physics.sfasu.edu%2Fastro%2Fasteroids%2Fsizemagnitude.html&rft.pub=Department+of+Physics+%26+Astronomy+%28Stephen+F.+Austin+State+University%29&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IAU2008-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IAU2008_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IAU2008_15-1">b</a> <cite class="citation pressrelease"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iau.org/news/pressreleases/detail/iau0804/">"Plutoid chosen as name for Solar System objects like Pluto"</a> (Press release).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwarf+planet&rft.btitle=Plutoid+chosen+as+name+for+Solar+System+objects+like+Pluto&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iau.org%2Fnews%2Fpressreleases%2Fdetail%2Fiau0804%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Draft_Resolution_5-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Draft_Resolution_5_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Draft_Resolution_5_16-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Draft_Resolution_5_16-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Draft_Resolution_5_16-3">d</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iau.org/news/pressreleases/detail/iau0601/">"The IAU draft definition of "planet" and "plutons""</a>. International Astronomical Union. 2006-08-16. Retrieved 2008-05-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwarf+planet&rft.btitle=The+IAU+draft+definition+of+%22planet%22+and+%22plutons%22&rft.date=2006-08-16&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iau.org%2Fnews%2Fpressreleases%2Fdetail%2Fiau0601%2F&rft.pub=International+Astronomical+Union&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Mauro Murzi (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/3418/">"Changes in a scientific concept: what is a planet?"</a>. Retrieved 2013-04-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwarf+planet&rft.atitle=Changes+in+a+scientific+concept%3A+what+is+a+planet%3F&rft.au=Mauro+Murzi&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphilsci-archive.pitt.edu%2F3418%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  [Preprint]</li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Mager, Brad. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.discoveryofpluto.com/pluto06.html">"Pluto Revealed"</a>. discoveryofpluto.com. Retrieved 2008-01-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwarf+planet&rft.aufirst=Brad&rft.aulast=Mager&rft.btitle=Pluto+Revealed&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.discoveryofpluto.com%2Fpluto06.html&rft.pub=discoveryofpluto.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Cuk, Matija; Masters, Karen (2007-09-14). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071012225232/http://curious.astro.cornell.edu:80/question.php?number=624">"Is Pluto a planet?"</a>. Cornell University, Astronomy Department. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/question.php?number=624">the original</a> on 2007-10-12. Retrieved 2008-01-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwarf+planet&rft.au=Cuk%2C+Matija&rft.au=Masters%2C+Karen&rft.btitle=Is+Pluto+a+planet%3F&rft.date=2007-09-14&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcurious.astro.cornell.edu%2Fquestion.php%3Fnumber%3D624&rft.pub=Cornell+University%2C+Astronomy+Department&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Buie, Marc W.; Grundy, William M.; Young, Eliot F.; Young, Leslie A.; Stern, S. Alan (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iop.org/EJ/abstract/1538-3881/132/1/290">"Orbits and Photometry of Pluto's Satellites: Charon, S/2005 P1, and S/2005 P2"</a>. The Astronomical Journal. 132 (1): 290–98. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0512491">astro-ph/0512491</a><img alt="Freely accessible" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" title="Freely accessible" width="9" height="14" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006AJ....132..290B">2006AJ....132..290B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1086%2F504422">10.1086/504422</a>. Retrieved 2008-02-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwarf+planet&rft.atitle=Orbits+and+Photometry+of+Pluto%27s+Satellites%3A+Charon%2C+S%2F2005+P1%2C+and+S%2F2005+P2&rft.aufirst=Marc+W.&rft.au=Grundy%2C+William+M.&rft.aulast=Buie&rft.au=Stern%2C+S.+Alan&rft.au=Young%2C+Eliot+F.&rft.au=Young%2C+Leslie+A.&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iop.org%2FEJ%2Fabstract%2F1538-3881%2F132%2F1%2F290&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2Fastro-ph%2F0512491&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2006AJ....132..290B&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F504422&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=The+Astronomical+Journal&rft.pages=290-98&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=132" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Jewitt, David; Delsanti, Audrey (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/faculty/jewitt/papers/2006/DJ06.pdf">The Solar System Beyond The Planets in Solar System Update : Topical and Timely Reviews in Solar System Sciences (PDF)</a> (PDF). Springer. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1007%2F3-540-37683-6">10.1007/3-540-37683-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-540-37683-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-540-37683-5">978-3-540-37683-5</a>. Retrieved 2008-02-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwarf+planet&rft.au=Delsanti%2C+Audrey&rft.aufirst=David&rft.aulast=Jewitt&rft.btitle=The+Solar+System+Beyond+The+Planets+in+Solar+System+Update+%3A+Topical+and+Timely+Reviews+in+Solar+System+Sciences+%28PDF%29&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ifa.hawaii.edu%2Ffaculty%2Fjewitt%2Fpapers%2F2006%2FDJ06.pdf&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F3-540-37683-6&rft.isbn=978-3-540-37683-5&rft.pub=Springer&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Weintraub, David A. (2006). Is Pluto a Planet? A Historical Journey through the Solar System. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton Univ. Press. pp. 1–272. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-12348-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-12348-6">978-0-691-12348-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwarf+planet&rft.aufirst=David+A.&rft.aulast=Weintraub&rft.btitle=Is+Pluto+a+Planet%3F+A+Historical+Journey+through+the+Solar+System&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-691-12348-6&rft.pages=1-272&rft.place=Princeton%2C+N.J.&rft.pub=Princeton+Univ.+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Phillips, Tony; Phillips, Amelia (2006-09-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.plutopetition.com/unplanet.php">"Much Ado about Pluto"</a>. PlutoPetition.com. Retrieved 2008-01-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwarf+planet&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft.aulast=Phillips&rft.au=Phillips%2C+Amelia&rft.btitle=Much+Ado+about+Pluto&rft.date=2006-09-04&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.plutopetition.com%2Funplanet.php&rft.pub=PlutoPetition.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astrobio.net/news/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=1366">"Planetoids Beyond Pluto"</a>. Astrobiology Magazine. 2004-12-30. Retrieved 2008-01-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwarf+planet&rft.btitle=Planetoids+Beyond+Pluto&rft.date=2004-12-30&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astrobio.net%2Fnews%2Fmodules.php%3Fop%3Dmodload%26name%3DNews%26file%3Darticle%26sid%3D1366&rft.pub=Astrobiology+Magazine&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2004/14/">"Hubble Observes Planetoid Sedna, Mystery Deepens"</a>. NASA's Hubble Space Telescope home site. 2004-04-14. Retrieved 2008-01-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwarf+planet&rft.atitle=Hubble+Observes+Planetoid+Sedna%2C+Mystery+Deepens&rft.date=2004-04-14&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhubblesite.org%2Fnewscenter%2Farchive%2Freleases%2F2004%2F14%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Brown, Michael E. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gps.caltech.edu/~mbrown/planetlila/">"The Discovery of Eris, the Largest Known Dwarf Planet"</a>. California Institute of Technology, Department of Geological Sciences. Retrieved 2008-01-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwarf+planet&rft.aufirst=Michael+E.&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.btitle=The+Discovery+of+Eris%2C+the+Largest+Known+Dwarf+Planet&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gps.caltech.edu%2F~mbrown%2Fplanetlila%2F&rft.pub=California+Institute+of+Technology%2C+Department+of+Geological+Sciences&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Brown, Michael E. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.gps.caltech.edu/~mbrown/sedna/index.html#planets">"What is the definition of a planet?"</a>. California Institute of Technology, Department of Geological Sciences. Retrieved 2008-01-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwarf+planet&rft.aufirst=Michael+E.&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.btitle=What+is+the+definition+of+a+planet%3F&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.gps.caltech.edu%2F~mbrown%2Fsedna%2Findex.html%23planets&rft.pub=California+Institute+of+Technology%2C+Department+of+Geological+Sciences&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Brown, Mike (2006-08-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/16/opinion/16brown.html">"War of the Worlds"</a>. New York Times. Retrieved 2008-02-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwarf+planet&rft.atitle=War+of+the+Worlds&rft.au=Brown%2C+Mike&rft.date=2006-08-16&rft.genre=article&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2006%2F08%2F16%2Fopinion%2F16brown.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.gps.caltech.edu/~mbrown/planetlila/">California Institute of Technology, Retrieved 4-12-2015</a></li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2007/24/full/">"Astronomers Measure Mass of Largest Dwarf Planet"</a>. NASA's Hubble Space Telescope home site. 2007-06-14. Retrieved 2008-01-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwarf+planet&rft.atitle=Astronomers+Measure+Mass+of+Largest+Dwarf+Planet&rft.date=2007-06-14&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhubblesite.org%2Fnewscenter%2Farchive%2Freleases%2F2007%2F24%2Ffull%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Brown, Michael E. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gps.caltech.edu/~mbrown/whatsaplanet/">"What makes a planet?"</a>. California Institute of Technology, Department of Geological Sciences. Retrieved 2008-01-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwarf+planet&rft.aufirst=Michael+E.&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.btitle=What+makes+a+planet%3F&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gps.caltech.edu%2F~mbrown%2Fwhatsaplanet%2F&rft.pub=California+Institute+of+Technology%2C+Department+of+Geological+Sciences&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19aug-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-19aug_32-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-19aug_32-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web">Britt, Robert Roy (2006-08-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/060819_new_proposal.html">"Details Emerge on Plan to Demote Pluto"</a>. Space.com. Retrieved 2006-08-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwarf+planet&rft.aufirst=Robert+Roy&rft.aulast=Britt&rft.btitle=Details+Emerge+on+Plan+to+Demote+Pluto&rft.date=2006-08-19&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2Fscienceastronomy%2F060819_new_proposal.html&rft.pub=Space.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> However, the term is also parallel to <a href="/wiki/Minor_planet" title="Minor planet">minor planet</a>, which is also not a type of planet.</li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Karttunen; et al., eds. (2007). <a href="/wiki/Fundamental_Astronomy_(book)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fundamental Astronomy (book)">Fundamental Astronomy</a> (5 ed.). Springer.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwarf+planet&rft.btitle=Fundamental+Astronomy&rft.date=2007&rft.edition=5&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=Springer&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-killed-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-killed_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-killed_35-1">b</a> <cite class="citation book">Brown, Mike (2010). <a href="/wiki/How_I_Killed_Pluto_and_Why_It_Had_It_Coming" title="How I Killed Pluto and Why It Had It Coming">How I Killed Pluto and Why It Had It Coming</a>. Spiegel & Grau. p. 223.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwarf+planet&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.btitle=How+I+Killed+Pluto+and+Why+It+Had+It+Coming&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=223&rft.pub=Spiegel+%26+Grau&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Bailey, Mark E. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://astro.cas.cz/nuncius/appendix.html">"Comments & discussions on Resolution 5: The definition of a planet – Planets Galore"</a>. Dissertatio cum Nuncio Sidereo, Series Tertia – official newspaper of the IAU General Assembly 2006. Astronomical Institute Prague. Retrieved 2008-02-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwarf+planet&rft.atitle=Comments+%26+discussions+on+Resolution+5%3A+The+definition+of+a+planet+%93+Planets+Galore&rft.aufirst=Mark+E.&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fastro.cas.cz%2Fnuncius%2Fappendix.html&rft.jtitle=Dissertatio+cum+Nuncio+Sidereo%2C+Series+Tertia+%93+official+newspaper+of+the+IAU+General+Assembly+2006&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071220063342/http://www.ici.edu.uy/perfilASTRO.htm">"Dos uruguayos, Julio Fernández y Gonzalo Tancredi en la historia de la astronomía:reducen la cantidad de planetas de 9 a 8 ...&Anotaciones de Tancredi"</a> (in Spanish). Science and Research Institute, Mercedes, Uruguay. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ici.edu.uy/perfilASTRO.htm">the original</a> on December 20, 2007. Retrieved 2008-02-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwarf+planet&rft.btitle=Dos+uruguayos%2C+Julio+Fern%C3%A1ndez+y+Gonzalo+Tancredi+en+la+historia+de+la+astronom%C3a%3Areducen+la+cantidad+de+planetas+de+9+a+8+...%26Anotaciones+de+Tancredi&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ici.edu.uy%2FperfilASTRO.htm&rft.pub=Science+and+Research+Institute%2C+Mercedes%2C+Uruguay&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> IAU (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.cambridge.org/article_S1743921308025398">Reports on Astronomy 2006–2009</a>. Transactions of the IAU, vol. XXVII-A</li> <li id="cite_note-Resolution_Result-39">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Resolution_Result_39-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Resolution_Result_39-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iau.org/news/pressreleases/detail/iau0603/">"IAU 2006 General Assembly: Result of the IAU Resolution votes"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwarf+planet&rft.btitle=IAU+2006+General+Assembly%3A+Result+of+the+IAU+Resolution+votes&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iau.org%2Fnews%2Fpressreleases%2Fdetail%2Fiau0603%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> IAU (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.cambridge.org/article_S1743921308025398">Division III (Planetary Systems Sciences): Triennial Report 2006–2009</a>. Transactions IAU, Volume XXVIIA</li> <li id="cite_note-soter-41">^ <a href="#cite_ref-soter_41-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-soter_41-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-soter_41-2">c</a> <cite class="citation journal">Soter, Steven (2006-08-16). "What is a Planet?". The Astronomical Journal. 132 (6): 2513–19. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0608359">astro-ph/0608359</a><img alt="Freely accessible" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" title="Freely accessible" width="9" height="14" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006AJ....132.2513S">2006AJ....132.2513S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1086%2F508861">10.1086/508861</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwarf+planet&rft.atitle=What+is+a+Planet%3F&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.aulast=Soter&rft.date=2006-08-16&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2Fastro-ph%2F0608359&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2006AJ....132.2513S&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F508861&rft.issue=6&rft.jtitle=The+Astronomical+Journal&rft.pages=2513-19&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=132" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> Calculated using the estimate of a minimum of 15 Sedna mass objects in the region. Estimate found in Schwamb, Megan E.; Brown, Michael E.; Rabinowitz, David L. (2009). "A Search for Distant Solar System Bodies in the Region of Sedna". The Astrophysical Journal Letters 694 (1): L45–L48.</li> <li id="cite_note-Stern_2002-43">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stern_2002_43-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stern_2002_43-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stern_2002_43-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stern_2002_43-3">d</a> <cite class="citation journal">Stern, S. Alan; Levison, Harold F. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boulder.swri.edu/~hal/PDF/planet_def.pdf">"Regarding the criteria for planethood and proposed planetary classification schemes"</a> (<a href="/wiki/PDF" class="mw-redirect" title="PDF">PDF</a>). Highlights of Astronomy. 12: 205–213, as presented at the XXIVth General Assembly of the IAU–2000 [Manchester, UK, 7–18 August 2000]. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002HiA....12..205S">2002HiA....12..205S</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwarf+planet&rft.atitle=Regarding+the+criteria+for+planethood+and+proposed+planetary+classification+schemes&rft.aufirst=S.+Alan&rft.aulast=Stern&rft.au=Levison%2C+Harold+F.&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boulder.swri.edu%2F~hal%2FPDF%2Fplanet_def.pdf&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2002HiA....12..205S&rft.jtitle=Highlights+of+Astronomy&rft.pages=205-213%2C+as+presented+at+the+XXIVth+General+Assembly+of+the+IAU-2000+Manchester%2C+UK%2C+7-18+August+2000&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=12" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Margot_2015-44">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Margot_2015_44-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Margot_2015_44-1">b</a> <cite class="citation journal">Margot, Jean-Luc (2015-10-15). "A Quantitative Criterion for Defining Planets". The Astronomical Journal. 150 (6): 185. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/1507.06300">1507.06300</a><img alt="Freely accessible" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" title="Freely accessible" width="9" height="14" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1088%2F0004-6256%2F150%2F6%2F185">10.1088/0004-6256/150/6/185</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwarf+planet&rft.atitle=A+Quantitative+Criterion+for+Defining+Planets&rft.aufirst=Jean-Luc&rft.aulast=Margot&rft.date=2015-10-15&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1507.06300&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1088%2F0004-6256%2F150%2F6%2F185&rft.issue=6&rft.jtitle=The+Astronomical+Journal&rft.pages=185&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=150" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> Lineweaver & Marc Norman, 2010, "The Potato Radius: a Lower Minimum Size for Dwarf Planets"</li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> Indeed, Mike Brown has set out to find such an object. (<cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080626220548/http://www.pluggd.tv/audio/channels/kcet_podcast__hammer_conversations/episodes/2h10l">"Julia Sweeney and Michael E. Brown"</a>. Hammer Conversations: KCET podcast. 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pluggd.tv/audio/channels/kcet_podcast__hammer_conversations/episodes/2h10l">the original</a> on 2008-06-26. Retrieved 2008-06-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwarf+planet&rft.atitle=Julia+Sweeney+and+Michael+E.+Brown&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pluggd.tv%2Faudio%2Fchannels%2Fkcet_podcast__hammer_conversations%2Fepisodes%2F2h10l&rft.jtitle=Hammer+Conversations%3A+KCET+podcast&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> )</li> <li id="cite_note-Cole2000-47"><a href="#cite_ref-Cole2000_47-0">^</a> G.H.A. Cole, 2000, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110606080126/http://www.hull.ac.uk/php/dmsghc/planets/html/v_minimum_radius_and_mass_for_a_planetary_body.htm">Minimum Radius And Mass For A Planetary Body</a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hull.ac.uk/php/dmsghc/planets/html/v_minimum_radius_and_mass_for_a_planetary_body.htm">the original</a> on June 6, 2011</li> <li id="cite_note-Brown-48">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brown_48-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brown_48-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web"><a href="/wiki/Michael_E._Brown" title="Michael E. Brown">Brown, Michael E.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.gps.caltech.edu/~mbrown/dwarfplanets/">"The Dwarf Planets"</a>. California Institute of Technology, Department of Geological Sciences. Retrieved 2008-01-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwarf+planet&rft.aufirst=Michael+E.&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.btitle=The+Dwarf+Planets&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.gps.caltech.edu%2F~mbrown%2Fdwarfplanets%2F&rft.pub=California+Institute+of+Technology%2C+Department+of+Geological+Sciences&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IAU-DP5-49"><a href="#cite_ref-IAU-DP5_49-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iau.org/news/pressreleases/detail/iau0807/">"IAU names fifth dwarf planet Haumea"</a>. Paris: International Astronomical Union. 2008-09-17. Retrieved 16 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwarf+planet&rft.btitle=IAU+names+fifth+dwarf+planet+Haumea&rft.date=2008-09-17&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iau.org%2Fnews%2Fpressreleases%2Fdetail%2Fiau0807%2F&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=International+Astronomical+Union&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tancredi2008-50">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tancredi2008_50-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tancredi2008_50-1">b</a> <cite class="citation journal">Tancredi, G.; Favre, S. A. (2008). "Which are the dwarfs in the Solar System?". Icarus. 195 (2): 851–862. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008Icar..195..851T">2008Icar..195..851T</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.icarus.2007.12.020">10.1016/j.icarus.2007.12.020</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwarf+planet&rft.atitle=Which+are+the+dwarfs+in+the+Solar+System%3F&rft.au=Favre%2C+S.+A.&rft.aufirst=G.&rft.aulast=Tancredi&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2008Icar..195..851T&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.icarus.2007.12.020&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Icarus&rft.pages=851-862&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=195" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-asteroidorbit-51">^ <a href="#cite_ref-asteroidorbit_51-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-asteroidorbit_51-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web">Bowell, Ted. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="ftp://ftp.lowell.edu/pub/elgb/astorb.html">"The Asteroid Orbital Elements Database"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lowell_Observatory" title="Lowell Observatory">Lowell Observatory</a>. Retrieved 2008-02-12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwarf+planet&rft.aufirst=Ted&rft.aulast=Bowell&rft.btitle=The+Asteroid+Orbital+Elements+Database&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=ftp%3A%2F%2Fftp.lowell.edu%2Fpub%2Felgb%2Fastorb.html&rft.pub=Lowell+Observatory&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brown2013-52"><a href="#cite_ref-Brown2013_52-0">^</a> M.E. Brown, 2013, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1304.1041v1">"On the size, shape, and density of dwarf planet Makemake"</a></li> <li id="cite_note-European_Southern_Observatory-53"><a href="#cite_ref-European_Southern_Observatory_53-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">European Southern Observatory. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121121145516.htm">"Dwarf Planet Makemake Lacks Atmosphere: Distant Frigid World Reveals Its Secrets for First Time"</a>. ScienceDaily. Retrieved 2012-11-19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwarf+planet&rft.au=European+Southern+Observatory&rft.btitle=Dwarf+Planet+Makemake+Lacks+Atmosphere%3A+Distant+Frigid+World+Reveals+Its+Secrets+for+First+Time&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedaily.com%2Freleases%2F2012%2F11%2F121121145516.htm&rft.pub=ScienceDaily&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Thomas, Peter C.; Binzelb, Richard P.; Gaffeyc, Michael J.; Zellnerd, Benjamin H.; Storrse, Alex D.; Wells, Eddie (1997). "Vesta: Spin Pole, Size, and Shape from HST Images". Icarus. 128 (1): 88–94. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997Icar..128...88T">1997Icar..128...88T</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1006%2Ficar.1997.5736">10.1006/icar.1997.5736</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwarf+planet&rft.atitle=Vesta%3A+Spin+Pole%2C+Size%2C+and+Shape+from+HST+Images&rft.au=Binzelb%2C+Richard+P.&rft.aufirst=Peter+C.&rft.au=Gaffeyc%2C+Michael+J.&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.au=Storrse%2C+Alex+D.&rft.au=Wells%2C+Eddie&rft.au=Zellnerd%2C+Benjamin+H.&rft.date=1997&rft.genre=article&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1997Icar..128...88T&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1006%2Ficar.1997.5736&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Icarus&rft.pages=88-94&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=128" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Asmar_2012-55"><a href="#cite_ref-Asmar_2012_55-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Asmar, S. W.; Konopliv, A. S.; Park, R. S.; Bills, B. G.; Gaskell, R.; Raymond, C. A.; Russell, C. T.; Smith, D. E.; Toplis, M. J.; Zuber, M. T. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2012/pdf/2600.pdf">"The Gravity Field of Vesta and Implications for Interior Structure"</a> (PDF). 43rd Lunar and Planetary Science Conference: 2600.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwarf+planet&rft.atitle=The+Gravity+Field+of+Vesta+and+Implications+for+Interior+Structure&rft.au=Bills%2C+B.+G.&rft.aufirst=S.+W.&rft.au=Gaskell%2C+R.&rft.au=Konopliv%2C+A.+S.&rft.aulast=Asmar&rft.au=Park%2C+R.+S.&rft.au=Raymond%2C+C.+A.&rft.au=Russell%2C+C.+T.&rft.au=Smith%2C+D.+E.&rft.au=Toplis%2C+M.+J.&rft.au=Zuber%2C+M.+T.&rft.date=2012&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lpi.usra.edu%2Fmeetings%2Flpsc2012%2Fpdf%2F2600.pdf&rft.jtitle=43rd+Lunar+and+Planetary+Science+Conference&rft.pages=2600&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Russel_2012-56"><a href="#cite_ref-Russel_2012_56-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Russel, C. T.; et al. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phyast.pitt.edu/~wmwv/Classes/A1122/Literature/Science-2012-Russell-684-6.pdf">"Dawn at Vesta: Testing the Protoplanetary Paradigm"</a> (PDF). Science. 336 (6082): 684–686. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012Sci...336..684R">2012Sci...336..684R</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1219381">10.1126/science.1219381</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22582253">22582253</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwarf+planet&rft.atitle=Dawn+at+Vesta%3A+Testing+the+Protoplanetary+Paradigm&rft.aufirst=C.+T.&rft.aulast=Russel&rft.date=2012&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.phyast.pitt.edu%2F~wmwv%2FClasses%2FA1122%2FLiterature%2FScience-2012-Russell-684-6.pdf&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2012Sci...336..684R&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1219381&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22582253&rft.issue=6082&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.pages=684-686&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=336" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Agnor06-57"><a href="#cite_ref-Agnor06_57-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Agnor, C. B.; Hamilton, D. P. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://extranet.on.br/rodney/curso2010/aula9/tritoncapt_hamilton.pdf">"Neptune's capture of its moon Triton in a binary–planet gravitational encounter"</a> (PDF). Nature. 441 (7090): 192–4. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006Natur.441..192A">2006Natur.441..192A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature04792">10.1038/nature04792</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16688170">16688170</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwarf+planet&rft.atitle=Neptune%27s+capture+of+its+moon+Triton+in+a+binary%93planet+gravitational+encounter&rft.aufirst=C.+B.&rft.au=Hamilton%2C+D.+P.&rft.aulast=Agnor&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fextranet.on.br%2Frodney%2Fcurso2010%2Faula9%2Ftritoncapt_hamilton.pdf&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2006Natur.441..192A&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature04792&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16688170&rft.issue=7090&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.pages=192-4&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=441" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> JPL/NASA, 2012 Apr 26. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/news/newsreleases/newsrelease20120426/">Cassini Finds Saturn Moon Has Planet-Like Qualities</a></li> <li id="cite_note-NASA-20150306-59"><a href="#cite_ref-NASA-20150306_59-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Landau, Elizabeth; Brown, Dwayne (6 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=4503">"NASA Spacecraft Becomes First to Orbit a Dwarf Planet"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>. Retrieved 6 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwarf+planet&rft.atitle=NASA+Spacecraft+Becomes+First+to+Orbit+a+Dwarf+Planet&rft.au=Brown%2C+Dwayne&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft.aulast=Landau&rft.date=2015-03-06&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fnews%2Fnews.php%3Ffeature%3D4503&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Chang, Alicia (2006-08-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usatoday.com/tech/science/space/2006-08-25-pluto-memorabilia_x.htm">"Online merchants see green in Pluto news"</a>. Associated Press. USA Today. Retrieved 2008-01-25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwarf+planet&rft.atitle=Online+merchants+see+green+in+Pluto+news&rft.aufirst=Alicia&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.date=2006-08-25&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Ftech%2Fscience%2Fspace%2F2006-08-25-pluto-memorabilia_x.htm&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Brown, Michael E. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.gps.caltech.edu/~mbrown/eightplanets/">"The Eight Planets"</a>. California Institute of Technology, Department of Geological Sciences. Retrieved 2008-01-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwarf+planet&rft.aufirst=Michael+E.&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.btitle=The+Eight+Planets&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.gps.caltech.edu%2F~mbrown%2Feightplanets%2F&rft.pub=California+Institute+of+Technology%2C+Department+of+Geological+Sciences&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nasa.gov/vision/universe/solarsystem/erisf-20060914.html">"Hotly-Debated Solar System Object Gets a Name"</a>. NASA press release. 2006-09-14. Retrieved 2008-01-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwarf+planet&rft.btitle=Hotly-Debated+Solar+System+Object+Gets+a+Name&rft.date=2006-09-14&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fvision%2Funiverse%2Fsolarsystem%2Ferisf-20060914.html&rft.pub=NASA+press+release&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Stern, Alan (2006-09-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131207024954/http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/overview/piPerspectives/piPerspective_09_06_2006.php">"Unabashedly Onward to the Ninth Planet"</a>. New Horizons Web Site. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pluto.jhuapl.edu/overview/piPerspectives/piPerspective_09_06_2006.php">the original</a> on 2013-12-07. Retrieved 2008-01-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwarf+planet&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft.aulast=Stern&rft.btitle=Unabashedly+Onward+to+the+Ninth+Planet&rft.date=2006-09-06&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpluto.jhuapl.edu%2Foverview%2FpiPerspectives%2FpiPerspective_09_06_2006.php&rft.pub=New+Horizons+Web+Site&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Wall, Mike (2011-08-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.space.com/12710-pluto-defender-alan-stern-dwarf-planet-interview.html">"Pluto's Planet Title Defender: Q & A With Planetary Scientist Alan Stern"</a>. SPACE.com. Retrieved 2012-12-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwarf+planet&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft.aulast=Wall&rft.btitle=Pluto%27s+Planet+Title+Defender%3A+Q+%26+A+With+Planetary+Scientist+Alan+Stern&rft.date=2011-08-24&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2F12710-pluto-defender-alan-stern-dwarf-planet-interview.html&rft.pub=SPACE.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-News.discovery.com-65">^ <a href="#cite_ref-News.discovery.com_65-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-News.discovery.com_65-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.discovery.com/space/should-large-moons-be-called-satellite-planets.html">"Should Large Moons Be Called 'Satellite Planets'?"</a>. News.discovery.com. 2010-05-14. Retrieved 2011-11-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwarf+planet&rft.btitle=Should+Large+Moons+Be+Called+%27Satellite+Planets%27%3F&rft.date=2010-05-14&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.discovery.com%2Fspace%2Fshould-large-moons-be-called-satellite-planets.html&rft.pub=News.discovery.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Basri, G.; Brown, M.E. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130731133553/http://siba.unipv.it/fisica/articoli/A/Annual%20Review%20Earth%20Planetary%20Sciences_vol.34_2006_pp.193-216.pdf">"Planetesimals to Brown Dwarfs: What is a Planet?"</a> (PDF). Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. 34: 193–216. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0608417">astro-ph/0608417</a><img alt="Freely accessible" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" title="Freely accessible" width="9" height="14" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006AREPS..34..193B">2006AREPS..34..193B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//dx.doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev.earth.34.031405.125058">10.1146/annurev.earth.34.031405.125058</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://siba.unipv.it/fisica/articoli/A/Annual%20Review%20Earth%20Planetary%20Sciences_vol.34_2006_pp.193-216.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2013-07-31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwarf+planet&rft.atitle=Planetesimals+to+Brown+Dwarfs%3A+What+is+a+Planet%3F&rft.au=Brown%2C+M.E.&rft.aufirst=G.&rft.aulast=Basri&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsiba.unipv.it%2Ffisica%2Farticoli%2FA%2FAnnual%2520Review%2520Earth%2520Planetary%2520Sciences_vol.34_2006_pp.193-216.pdf&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2Fastro-ph%2F0608417&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2006AREPS..34..193B&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1146%2Fannurev.earth.34.031405.125058&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Earth+and+Planetary+Sciences&rft.pages=193-216&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=34" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iau.org/public/themes/pluto/">"Pluto and the Solar System"</a>. IAU. Retrieved 2013-07-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADwarf+planet&rft.btitle=Pluto+and+the+Solar+System&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iau.org%2Fpublic%2Fthemes%2Fpluto%2F&rft.pub=IAU&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol> </div> <h2>External links[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwarf_planet&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</h2> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000"> <tr> <td class="mbox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" width="40" height="40" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></a></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Look up <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/dwarf_planet" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/dwarf planet">dwarf planet</a> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</td> </tr> </table> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000"> <tr> <td class="mbox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" width="30" height="40" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dwarf_planets" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Dwarf planets">Dwarf planets</a>.</td> </tr> </table> <ul> <li>NPR: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5631291">Dwarf Planets May Finally Get Respect</a> (David Kestenbaum)</li> <li>BBC News: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4798205.stm">Q&A New planets proposal</a>, August 16, 2006</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottawa_Citizen" title="Ottawa Citizen">Ottawa Citizen</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canada.com/ottawacitizen/news/story.html?id=a9591aed-f19f-4ac3-a324-1f8bb46d9379&p=2">The case against Pluto</a> (P. Surdas Mohit) August 24, 2006</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_L._Hilton" title="James L. Hilton">James L. Hilton</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070921162818/http://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/docs/minorplanets.php">When Did the asteroids Become Minor Planets?</a></li> <li>NASA: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://astronomy2009.nasa.gov/topics_sep.htm">IYA 2009 Dwarf Planets</a></li> </ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dwarf_planets" style="padding:3px"> <table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dwarf_planets" title="Template:Dwarf planets"><abbr title="View this template" style="text-align: center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</abbr></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dwarf_planets" title="Template talk:Dwarf planets"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="text-align: center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;">t</abbr></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Dwarf_planets&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="text-align: center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;">e</abbr></a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="Dwarf_planets" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dwarf planets</a></div> </th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_belt" title="Asteroid belt">Asteroid belt</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em">IAU: <a href="/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)" title="Ceres (dwarf planet)">Ceres</a> No longer rounded and therefore not dwarf planets: <a href="/wiki/4_Vesta" title="4 Vesta">Vesta</a> (disrupted out of equilibrium)</div> </td> <td class="navbox-image" rowspan="23" style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;padding-left: 0.5em;"> <div><a href="/wiki/File:Ceres_-_RC3_-_Haulani_Crater_(22381131691)_(cropped).jpg" class="image"><img alt="Ceres - RC3 - Haulani Crater (22381131691) (cropped).jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Ceres_-_RC3_-_Haulani_Crater_%2822381131691%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Ceres_-_RC3_-_Haulani_Crater_%2822381131691%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" width="100" height="100" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Ceres_-_RC3_-_Haulani_Crater_%2822381131691%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Ceres_-_RC3_-_Haulani_Crater_%2822381131691%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Ceres_-_RC3_-_Haulani_Crater_%2822381131691%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Ceres_-_RC3_-_Haulani_Crater_%2822381131691%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="744" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:Nh-pluto-in-true-color_2x_JPEG-edit.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Nh-pluto-in-true-color 2x JPEG-edit.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Nh-pluto-in-true-color_2x_JPEG-edit.jpg/100px-Nh-pluto-in-true-color_2x_JPEG-edit.jpg" width="100" height="100" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Nh-pluto-in-true-color_2x_JPEG-edit.jpg/150px-Nh-pluto-in-true-color_2x_JPEG-edit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Nh-pluto-in-true-color_2x_JPEG-edit.jpg/200px-Nh-pluto-in-true-color_2x_JPEG-edit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1700" data-file-height="1700" /></a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Centaur_(minor_planet)" title="Centaur (minor planet)">Centaurs</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li>Possibly: <a href="/wiki/10199_Chariklo" title="10199 Chariklo">Chariklo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2060_Chiron" title="2060 Chiron">Chiron</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;">Centaurs (extended)</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li>Possibly: <a href="/wiki/1995_SN55" title="1995 SN55">1995 SN55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/65489_Ceto" title="65489 Ceto">Ceto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_TY53" title="2010 TY53">2010 TY53</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Plutino" title="Plutino">Plutinos</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li>IAU: <a href="/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto">Pluto</a> Additional objects proposed by <a href="/wiki/Michael_E._Brown" title="Michael E. Brown">Brown</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Tancredi" title="Gonzalo Tancredi">Tancredi</a>: <a href="/wiki/90482_Orcus" title="90482 Orcus">Orcus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/28978_Ixion" title="28978 Ixion">Ixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(208996)_2003_AZ84" title="(208996) 2003 AZ84">2003 AZ84</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(144897)_2004_UX10" title="(144897) 2004 UX10">2004 UX10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/38628_Huya" title="38628 Huya">Huya</a> Possibly: <a href="/wiki/(455502)_2003_UZ413" title="(455502) 2003 UZ413">2003 UZ413</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(84922)_2003_VS2" title="(84922) 2003 VS2">2003 VS2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(84719)_2002_VR128" title="(84719) 2002 VR128">2002 VR128</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(175113)_2004_PF115" title="(175113) 2004 PF115">2004 PF115</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_XV93" title="2002 XV93">2002 XV93</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_JH43" class="mw-redirect" title="2007 JH43">2007 JH43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_QF298" class="mw-redirect" title="2001 QF298">2001 QF298</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Resonant_trans-Neptunian_object#1:2_resonance_.28.22twotinos.22.2C_period_.7E330_years.29" title="Resonant trans-Neptunian object">Twotinos</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em">Possibly: <a href="/wiki/(119979)_2002_WC19" title="(119979) 2002 WC19">2002 WC19</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;">Other resonances/ unknown resonances:</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li>IAU: <a href="/wiki/Haumea" title="Haumea">Haumea</a> Possibly: <a href="/wiki/(78799)_2002_XW93" title="(78799) 2002 XW93">2002 XW93</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(26375)_1999_DE9" title="(26375) 1999 DE9">1999 DE9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(40314)_1999_KR16" title="(40314) 1999 KR16">1999 KR16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(126154)_2001_YH140" title="(126154) 2001 YH140">2001 YH140</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_GM27" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 GM27">2011 GM27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_VK201" title="2010 VK201">2010 VK201</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_FZ27" title="2013 FZ27">2013 FZ27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_UM33" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 UM33">2014 UM33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_CD158" class="mw-redirect" title="1999 CD158">1999 CD158</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Classical_Kuiper_belt_object" title="Classical Kuiper belt object">Cubewanos</a>:</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li>IAU: <a href="/wiki/Makemake" title="Makemake">Makemake</a> Additional objects proposed by <a href="/wiki/Michael_E._Brown" title="Michael E. Brown">Brown</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Tancredi" title="Gonzalo Tancredi">Tancredi</a>: <a href="/wiki/(307261)_2002_MS4" title="(307261) 2002 MS4">2002 MS4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/120347_Salacia" title="120347 Salacia">Salacia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/50000_Quaoar" title="50000 Quaoar">Quaoar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20000_Varuna" title="20000 Varuna">Varuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/174567_Varda" title="174567 Varda">Varda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(90568)_2004_GV9" title="(90568) 2004 GV9">2004 GV9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(55565)_2002_AW197" title="(55565) 2002 AW197">2002 AW197</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(55636)_2002_TX300" title="(55636) 2002 TX300">2002 TX300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(145453)_2005_RR43" title="(145453) 2005 RR43">2005 RR43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(120178)_2003_OP32" title="(120178) 2003 OP32">2003 OP32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(145452)_2005_RN43" title="(145452) 2005 RN43">2005 RN43</a> Possibly: <a href="/wiki/19521_Chaos" title="19521 Chaos">Chaos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/148780_Altjira" title="148780 Altjira">Altjira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/79360_Sila%E2%80%93Nunam" title="79360 Sila–Nunam">Sila-Nunam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(55637)_2002_UX25" title="(55637) 2002 UX25">2002 UX25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(278361)_2007_JJ43" title="(278361) 2007 JJ43">2007 JJ43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(202421)_2005_UQ513" title="(202421) 2005 UQ513">2005 UQ513</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(120348)_2004_TY364" title="(120348) 2004 TY364">2004 TY364</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(307616)_2003_QW90" title="(307616) 2003 QW90">2003 QW90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(35671)_1998_SN165" title="(35671) 1998 SN165">1998 SN165</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(119951)_2002_KX14" title="(119951) 2002 KX14">2002 KX14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/420356_Praamzius" title="420356 Praamzius">Praamzius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(444030)_2004_NT33" title="(444030) 2004 NT33">2004 NT33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_FX86" title="2010 FX86">2010 FX86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_CY248" title="2002 CY248">2002 CY248</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_VR11" title="2010 VR11">2010 VR11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/38083_Rhadamanthus" title="38083 Rhadamanthus">Rhadamanthus</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Scattered_disc" title="Scattered disc">Scattered disc</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li>IAU: <a href="/wiki/Eris_(dwarf_planet)" title="Eris (dwarf planet)">Eris</a> Additional objects proposed by <a href="/wiki/Michael_E._Brown" title="Michael E. Brown">Brown</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Tancredi" title="Gonzalo Tancredi">Tancredi</a>: <a href="/wiki/(225088)_2007_OR10" title="(225088) 2007 OR10">2007 OR10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(15874)_1996_TL66" title="(15874) 1996 TL66">1996 TL66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(42301)_2001_UR163" title="(42301) 2001 UR163">2001 UR163</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(145451)_2005_RM43" title="(145451) 2005 RM43">2005 RM43</a> Possibly: <a href="/wiki/(84522)_2002_TC302" title="(84522) 2002 TC302">2002 TC302</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(230965)_2004_XA192" title="(230965) 2004 XA192">2004 XA192</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(303775)_2005_QU182" title="(303775) 2005 QU182">2005 QU182</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_QH181" title="2006 QH181">2006 QH181</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(229762)_2007_UK126" title="(229762) 2007 UK126">2007 UK126</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_EK139" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 EK139">2010 EK139</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_KZ39" title="2010 KZ39">2010 KZ39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_RE64" title="2010 RE64">2010 RE64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_RF43" title="2010 RF43">2010 RF43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_TJ" title="2010 TJ">2010 TJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_FY27" title="2013 FY27">2013 FY27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_OG19" title="2008 OG19">2008 OG19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(26181)_1996_GQ21" class="mw-redirect" title="(26181) 1996 GQ21">1996 GQ21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(432949)_2012_HH2" title="(432949) 2012 HH2">2012 HH2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(79978)_1999_CC158" title="(79978) 1999 CC158">1999 CC158</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_HH123" title="2006 HH123">2006 HH123</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_VZ98" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 VZ98">2010 VZ98</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;">Area uncertain</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li>Captured satellites that were once dwarf planets: <a href="/wiki/Triton_(moon)" title="Triton (moon)">Triton</a> (captured by <a href="/wiki/Neptune" title="Neptune">Neptune</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoebe_(moon)" title="Phoebe (moon)">Phoebe</a> (captured by <a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a>, and was then disrupted out of equilibrium) Possibly: <a href="/wiki/2011_FW62" title="2011 FW62">2011 FW62</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lost_minor_planet" title="Lost minor planet">lost</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/(82075)_2000_YW134" title="(82075) 2000 YW134">2000 YW134</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V774104" title="V774104">V774104</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Detached_object" title="Detached object">Detached objects</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li>Possibly: <a href="/wiki/2004_XR190" title="2004 XR190">2004 XR190</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_GB174" title="2010 GB174">2010 GB174</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_ST291" title="2008 ST291">2008 ST291</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(48639)_1995_TL8" title="(48639) 1995 TL8">1995 TL8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(145480)_2005_TB190" title="(145480) 2005 TB190">2005 TB190</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_QX113" title="2003 QX113">2003 QX113</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(120132)_2003_FY128" title="(120132) 2003 FY128">2003 FY128</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_VN112" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 VN112">2004 VN112</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/(148209)_2000_CR105" title="(148209) 2000 CR105">2000 CR105</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Sednoid" title="Sednoid">Sednoids</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li>Objects proposed by <a href="/wiki/Michael_E._Brown" title="Michael E. Brown">Brown</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Tancredi" title="Gonzalo Tancredi">Tancredi</a>: <a href="/wiki/90377_Sedna" title="90377 Sedna">Sedna</a> Possibly: <a href="/wiki/2012_VP113" title="2012 VP113">2012 VP113</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;">Former candidates</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Pallas" title="2 Pallas">Pallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_Vesta" title="4 Vesta">Vesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10_Hygiea" title="10 Hygiea">Hygiea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/65_Cybele" title="65 Cybele">Cybele</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="text-align: center;"> <div> <ul> <li>See also: <a href="/wiki/Charon_(moon)" title="Charon (moon)">Charon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanth_(moon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanth (moon)">Vanth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysnomia_(moon)" title="Dysnomia (moon)">Dysnomia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hi%CA%BBiaka_(moon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hiʻiaka (moon)">Hiʻiaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoplanet" title="Mesoplanet">Mesoplanet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planet#Planetary-mass_object" title="Planet">Planemo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_trans-Neptunian_objects" title="List of trans-Neptunian objects">List of trans-Neptunian objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_possible_dwarf_planets" title="List of possible dwarf planets">List of possible dwarf planets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Solar_System_objects" title="List of Solar System objects">List of Solar System objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Solar_System_objects_by_size" title="List of Solar System objects by size">List of Solar System objects by size</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_Solar_System" style="padding:3px"> <table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Solar_System" title="Template:Solar System"><abbr title="View this template" style="text-align:center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</abbr></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Solar_System" title="Template talk:Solar System"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="text-align:center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;">t</abbr></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Solar_System&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="text-align:center;;;background:none transparent;border:none;">e</abbr></a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="The_Solar_System" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">The <a href="/wiki/Solar_System" title="Solar System">Solar System</a></div> </th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"> <div> <div class="noresize"><map name="ImageMap_1_566376495" id="ImageMap_1_566376495"> <area href="/wiki/Sun" shape="rect" coords="0,0,90,35" alt="The Sun" title="The Sun" /> <area href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" shape="circle" coords="112,18,6" alt="Mercury" title="Mercury" /> <area href="/wiki/Venus" shape="circle" coords="153,18,8" alt="Venus" title="Venus" /> <area href="/wiki/Moon" shape="circle" coords="204,10,4" alt="The Moon" title="The Moon" /> <area href="/wiki/Earth" shape="circle" coords="195,18,8" alt="Earth" title="Earth" /> <area href="/wiki/Mars" shape="circle" coords="233,18,8" alt="Mars" title="Mars" /> <area href="/wiki/Moons_of_Mars" shape="circle" coords="241,13,3" alt="Phobos and Deimos" title="Phobos and Deimos" /> <area href="/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)" shape="circle" coords="271,18,5" alt="Ceres" title="Ceres" /> <area href="/wiki/Asteroid_belt" shape="rect" coords="256,0,288,35" alt="The main asteroid belt" title="The main asteroid belt" /> <area href="/wiki/Jupiter" shape="circle" coords="316,19,15" alt="Jupiter" title="Jupiter" /> <area href="/wiki/Moons_of_Jupiter" shape="circle" coords="329,6,6" alt="Moons of Jupiter" title="Moons of Jupiter" /> <area href="/wiki/Rings_of_Jupiter" shape="rect" coords="298,18,335,20" alt="Rings of Jupiter" title="Rings of Jupiter" /> <area href="/wiki/Saturn" shape="circle" coords="372,18,12" alt="Saturn" title="Saturn" /> <area href="/wiki/Moons_of_Saturn" shape="circle" coords="381,7,6" alt="Moons of Saturn" title="Moons of Saturn" /> <area href="/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn" shape="rect" coords="353,5,389,31" alt="Rings of Saturn" title="Rings of Saturn" /> <area href="/wiki/Uranus" shape="circle" coords="418,18,12" alt="Uranus" title="Uranus" /> <area href="/wiki/Moons_of_Uranus" shape="circle" coords="427,10,6" alt="Moons of Uranus" title="Moons of Uranus" /> <area href="/wiki/Rings_of_Uranus" shape="rect" coords="408,4,429,34" alt="Rings of Uranus" title="Rings of Uranus" /> <area href="/wiki/Neptune" shape="circle" coords="462,18,12" alt="Neptune" title="Neptune" /> <area href="/wiki/Moons_of_Neptune" shape="circle" coords="471,10,5" alt="Moons of Neptune" title="Moons of Neptune" /> <area href="/wiki/Rings_of_Neptune" shape="rect" coords="441,9,485,28" alt="Rings of Neptune" title="Rings of Neptune" /> <area href="/wiki/Pluto" shape="circle" coords="504,18,12" alt="Pluto" title="Pluto" /> <area href="/wiki/Moons_of_Pluto" shape="circle" coords="510,13,8" alt="Moons of Pluto" title="Moons of Pluto" /> <area href="/wiki/Haumea" shape="circle" coords="534,18,12" alt="Haumea" title="Haumea" /> <area href="/wiki/Moons_of_Haumea" shape="circle" coords="540,13,8" alt="Moons of Haumea" title="Moons of Haumea" /> <area href="/wiki/Makemake" shape="circle" coords="567,18,12" alt="Makemake" title="Makemake" /> <area href="/wiki/S/2015_(136472)_1" shape="circle" coords="571,13,8" alt="S/2015 (136472) 1" title="S/2015 (136472) 1" /> <area href="/wiki/Kuiper_belt" shape="rect" coords="490,0,580,35" alt="The Kuiper Belt" title="The Kuiper Belt" /> <area href="/wiki/Eris_(dwarf_planet)" shape="circle" coords="596,18,12" alt="Eris" title="Eris" /> <area href="/wiki/Dysnomia_(moon)" shape="circle" coords="602,13,8" alt="Dysnomia" title="Dysnomia" /> <area href="/wiki/Scattered_disc" shape="rect" coords="581,0,610,35" alt="The Scattered Disc" title="The Scattered Disc" /> <area href="/wiki/Hills_cloud" shape="rect" coords="623,0,640,35" alt="The Hills Cloud" title="The Hills Cloud" /> <area href="/wiki/Oort_cloud" shape="rect" coords="641,0,666,35" alt="The Oort Cloud" title="The Oort Cloud" /></map><img alt="Solar System Template Final.png" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Solar_System_Template_Final.png" width="666" height="36" data-file-width="666" data-file-height="36" usemap="#ImageMap_1_566376495" /></div> <ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun" title="Sun">The Sun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)" title="Ceres (dwarf planet)">Ceres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranus" title="Uranus">Uranus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neptune" title="Neptune">Neptune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto">Pluto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haumea" title="Haumea">Haumea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makemake" title="Makemake">Makemake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eris_(dwarf_planet)" title="Eris (dwarf planet)">Eris</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent;color:inherit;"> <div style="padding:0px;"> <table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td style="padding:0px;;;;width:50%;"> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Planet" title="Planet">Planets</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrestrial_planet" title="Terrestrial planet">Terrestrial planets</a> <ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus" title="Venus">Venus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Giant_planet" title="Giant planet">Giant planets</a> <ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn" title="Saturn">Saturn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranus" title="Uranus">Uranus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neptune" title="Neptune">Neptune</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dwarf planets</a> <ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)" title="Ceres (dwarf planet)">Ceres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto">Pluto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haumea" title="Haumea">Haumea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makemake" title="Makemake">Makemake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eris_(dwarf_planet)" title="Eris (dwarf planet)">Eris</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ring_system" title="Ring system">Rings</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Rings_of_Jupiter" title="Rings of Jupiter">Jovian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rings_of_Saturn" title="Rings of Saturn">Saturnian</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rings_of_Rhea" title="Rings of Rhea">Rhean</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rings_of_Chariklo" title="Rings of Chariklo">Charikloan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2060_Chiron#Rings" title="2060 Chiron">Chironean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rings_of_Uranus" title="Rings of Uranus">Uranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rings_of_Neptune" title="Rings of Neptune">Neptunian</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_satellite" title="Natural satellite">Moons</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">1 Terrestrial (Moon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claimed_moons_of_Earth" title="Claimed moons of Earth">Other near-Earth objects</a></li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Mars" title="Moons of Mars">2 Martian</a> <ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Phobos_(moon)" title="Phobos (moon)">Phobos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deimos_(moon)" title="Deimos (moon)">Deimos</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Jupiter" title="Moons of Jupiter">67 Jovian</a> <ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganymede_(moon)" title="Ganymede (moon)">Ganymede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callisto_(moon)" title="Callisto (moon)">Callisto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Io_(moon)" title="Io (moon)">Io</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa_(moon)" title="Europa (moon)">Europa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Jupiter#List" title="Moons of Jupiter">all</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Saturn" title="Moons of Saturn">62 Saturnian</a> <ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_(moon)" title="Titan (moon)">Titan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhea_(moon)" title="Rhea (moon)">Rhea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iapetus_(moon)" title="Iapetus (moon)">Iapetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dione_(moon)" title="Dione (moon)">Dione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tethys_(moon)" title="Tethys (moon)">Tethys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enceladus" title="Enceladus">Enceladus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mimas_(moon)" title="Mimas (moon)">Mimas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperion_(moon)" title="Hyperion (moon)">Hyperion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoebe_(moon)" title="Phoebe (moon)">Phoebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Saturn#List" title="Moons of Saturn">all</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Uranus" title="Moons of Uranus">27 Uranian</a> <ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Titania_(moon)" title="Titania (moon)">Titania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oberon_(moon)" title="Oberon (moon)">Oberon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbriel_(moon)" title="Umbriel (moon)">Umbriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_(moon)" title="Ariel (moon)">Ariel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miranda_(moon)" title="Miranda (moon)">Miranda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Uranus#List" title="Moons of Uranus">all</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Neptune" title="Moons of Neptune">14 Neptunian</a> <ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Triton_(moon)" title="Triton (moon)">Triton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proteus_(moon)" title="Proteus (moon)">Proteus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nereid_(moon)" title="Nereid (moon)">Nereid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Neptune#List" title="Moons of Neptune">all</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Pluto" title="Moons of Pluto">5 Plutonian</a> <ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Charon_(moon)" title="Charon (moon)">Charon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nix_(moon)" title="Nix (moon)">Nix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydra_(moon)" title="Hydra (moon)">Hydra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerberos_(moon)" title="Kerberos (moon)">Kerberos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Styx_(moon)" title="Styx (moon)">Styx</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Haumea" title="Moons of Haumea">2 Haumean</a> <ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Hi%CA%BBiaka_(moon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hiʻiaka (moon)">Hiʻiaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namaka_(moon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Namaka (moon)">Namaka</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="/wiki/S/2015_(136472)_1" class="mw-redirect" title="S/2015 (136472) 1">1 Makemakean (S/2015 (136472) 1)</a></li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysnomia_(moon)" title="Dysnomia (moon)">1 Eridian (Dysnomia)</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;">Lists</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Solar_System_objects" title="List of Solar System objects">Solar System objects</a> <ul> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Solar_System_objects_by_size" title="List of Solar System objects by size">By size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_discovery_of_Solar_System_planets_and_their_moons" title="Timeline of discovery of Solar System planets and their moons">By discovery date</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_minor_planets" title="List of minor planets">Minor planets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gravitationally_rounded_objects_of_the_Solar_System" title="List of gravitationally rounded objects of the Solar System">Gravitationally rounded objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_possible_dwarf_planets" title="List of possible dwarf planets">Possible dwarf planets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_natural_satellites" title="List of natural satellites">Natural satellites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_comets" title="Lists of comets">Comets</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> <td style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;;;;width:50%;"> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Small_Solar_System_body" title="Small Solar System body">Small Solar System bodies</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteoroid" title="Meteoroid">Meteoroids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor_planet" title="Minor planet">Minor planets</a> <ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor-planet_moon" title="Minor-planet moon">moons</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet" title="Comet">Comets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damocloid" title="Damocloid">Damocloids</a></li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mercury-crossing_minor_planets" title="List of Mercury-crossing minor planets">Mercury-crossers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Venus-crossing_minor_planets" title="List of Venus-crossing minor planets">Venus-crossers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_ND15" title="2013 ND15">Venus trojans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_object" title="Near-Earth object">Near-Earth objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Earth-crossing_minor_planets" title="List of Earth-crossing minor planets">Earth-crossers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_trojan" title="Earth trojan">Earth trojans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mars-crossing_minor_planets" title="List of Mars-crossing minor planets">Mars-crossers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_trojan" title="Mars trojan">Mars trojans</a></li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_belt" title="Asteroid belt">Asteroid belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">Asteroids</a> <ul> <li>first discovered: <a href="/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)" title="Ceres (dwarf planet)">Ceres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Pallas" title="2 Pallas">Pallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_Juno" title="3 Juno">Juno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_Vesta" title="4 Vesta">Vesta</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_family" title="Asteroid family">Families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exceptional_asteroids" title="List of exceptional asteroids">Notable asteroids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirkwood_gap" title="Kirkwood gap">Kirkwood gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main-belt_comet" title="Main-belt comet">Main-belt comets</a></li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Jupiter_trojan" title="Jupiter trojan">Jupiter trojans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jupiter-crossing_minor_planets" title="List of Jupiter-crossing minor planets">Jupiter-crossers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centaur_(minor_planet)" title="Centaur (minor planet)">Centaurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Saturn-crossing_minor_planets" title="List of Saturn-crossing minor planets">Saturn-crossers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_QF99" title="2011 QF99">Uranus trojans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Uranus-crossing_minor_planets" title="List of Uranus-crossing minor planets">Uranus-crossers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neptune_trojan" title="Neptune trojan">Neptune trojans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cis-Neptunian_object" title="Cis-Neptunian object">Cis-Neptunian objects</a></li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Neptunian_object" title="Trans-Neptunian object">Trans-Neptunian objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Neptune-crossing_minor_planets" title="List of Neptune-crossing minor planets">Neptune-crossers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plutoid" title="Plutoid">Plutoids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuiper_belt" title="Kuiper belt">Kuiper belt</a> <ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Plutino" title="Plutino">Plutinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_Kuiper_belt_object" title="Classical Kuiper belt object">Cubewanos</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scattered_disc" title="Scattered disc">Scattered disc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detached_object" title="Detached object">Detached objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sednoid" title="Sednoid">Sednoids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hills_cloud" title="Hills cloud">Hills cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oort_cloud" title="Oort cloud">Oort cloud</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_hypothetical_Solar_System_objects" title="List of hypothetical Solar System objects">Hypothetical objects</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulcan_(hypothetical_planet)" title="Vulcan (hypothetical planet)">Vulcan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulcanoid" title="Vulcanoid">Vulcanoids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phaeton_(hypothetical_planet)" title="Phaeton (hypothetical planet)">Phaeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planet_V" title="Planet V">Planet V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theia_(planet)" title="Theia (planet)">Theia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-planet_Nice_model" title="Five-planet Nice model">Fifth giant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planets_beyond_Neptune" title="Planets beyond Neptune">Planets beyond Neptune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyche_(hypothetical_planet)" title="Tyche (hypothetical planet)">Tyche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemesis_(hypothetical_star)" title="Nemesis (hypothetical star)">Nemesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planet_Nine" title="Planet Nine">Planet Nine</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Space_exploration" title="Space exploration">Exploration</a> (<a href="/wiki/Outline_of_space_exploration" title="Outline of space exploration">outline</a>)</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_and_exploration_of_the_Solar_System" title="Discovery and exploration of the Solar System">Discovery</a> <ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">Astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_discovery_of_Solar_System_planets_and_their_moons" title="Timeline of discovery of Solar System planets and their moons">Timeline</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaceflight" title="Spaceflight">Spaceflight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robotic_spacecraft" title="Robotic spacecraft">Robotic spacecraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_spaceflight" title="Human spaceflight">Human spaceflight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_colonization" title="Space colonization">Colonization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Solar_System_probes" title="List of Solar System probes">List of probes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Solar_System_exploration" title="Timeline of Solar System exploration">Timeline</a></li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_Mercury" title="Exploration of Mercury">Mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Observations_and_explorations_of_Venus" title="Observations and explorations of Venus">Venus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_the_Moon" title="Exploration of the Moon">Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_Mars" title="Exploration of Mars">Mars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)#Exploration" title="Ceres (dwarf planet)">Ceres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid#Exploration" title="Asteroid">Asteroids</a> <ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteroid_mining" title="Asteroid mining">Mining</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_comets" title="List of missions to comets">Comets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_Jupiter" title="Exploration of Jupiter">Jupiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_Saturn" title="Exploration of Saturn">Saturn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_Uranus" title="Exploration of Uranus">Uranus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_Neptune" title="Exploration of Neptune">Neptune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_Pluto" title="Exploration of Pluto">Pluto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_space_exploration" title="Deep space exploration">Deep space</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;;padding:0.4em;line-height:1.25em;"> <div> <dl> <dd><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Solar_System" title="Outline of the Solar System">Outline of the Solar System</a></dd> <dt><img alt="Portal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/16px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png" title="Portal" width="16" height="14" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/24px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/32px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal" title="Wikipedia:Portal">Portals</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Portal:Solar_System" title="Portal:Solar System">Solar System</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Portal:Astronomy" title="Portal:Astronomy">Astronomy</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Portal:Earth_sciences" title="Portal:Earth sciences">Earth sciences</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mars" title="Portal:Mars">Mars</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Portal:Jupiter" title="Portal:Jupiter">Jupiter</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Portal:Uranus" title="Portal:Uranus">Uranus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cosmology" title="Portal:Cosmology">Cosmology</a></dd> </dl> <a href="/wiki/Solar_System" title="Solar System">Solar System</a> → <a href="/wiki/Local_Interstellar_Cloud" title="Local Interstellar Cloud">Local Interstellar Cloud</a> → <a href="/wiki/Local_Bubble" title="Local Bubble">Local Bubble</a> → <a href="/wiki/Gould_Belt" title="Gould Belt">Gould Belt</a> → <a href="/wiki/Orion_Arm" title="Orion Arm">Orion Arm</a> → <a href="/wiki/Milky_Way" title="Milky Way">Milky Way</a> → <a href="/wiki/Satellite_galaxies_of_the_Milky_Way" title="Satellite galaxies of the Milky Way">Milky Way subgroup</a> → <a href="/wiki/Local_Group" title="Local Group">Local Group</a> → <a href="/wiki/Virgo_Supercluster" title="Virgo Supercluster">Virgo Supercluster</a> → <a href="/wiki/Laniakea_Supercluster" title="Laniakea Supercluster">Laniakea Supercluster</a> → <a href="/wiki/Observable_universe" title="Observable universe">Observable universe</a> → <a href="/wiki/Universe" title="Universe">Universe</a> Each arrow (→) may be read as "within" or "part of". </div> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"> <table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/7540854-5">7540854-5</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </div>    <noscript><img src="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" title="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;" /></noscript></div> <div class="printfooter"> Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dwarf_planet&oldid=775549460">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dwarf_planet&oldid=775549460</a>" </div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Minor_planets" title="Category:Minor planets">Minor planets</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dwarf_planets" title="Category:Dwarf planets">Dwarf planets</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Spanish-language_sources_(es)" title="Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)">CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_October_2016" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from October 2016">Articles with dead external links from October 2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_French-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing French-language text">Articles containing French-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Spanish-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Spanish-language text">Articles containing Spanish-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_German-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing German-language text">Articles containing German-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Russian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Russian-language text">Articles containing Russian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Arabic-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Arabic-language text">Articles containing Arabic-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Mandarin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Mandarin-language text">Articles containing Mandarin-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Japanese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Japanese-language text">Articles containing Japanese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_January_2015" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from January 2015">Articles containing potentially dated statements from January 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_with_GND_identifiers" title="Category:Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers">Wikipedia articles with GND identifiers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Featured_articles" title="Category:Featured articles">Featured articles</a></li></ul></div></div> <div class="visualClear"></div> </div> </div> <div id="mw-navigation"> <h2>Navigation menu</h2> <div id="mw-head"> <div id="p-personal" role="navigation" class="" aria-labelledby="p-personal-label"> <h3 id="p-personal-label">Personal tools</h3> <ul> <li id="pt-anonuserpage">Not logged in</li><li id="pt-anontalk"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li><li id="pt-anoncontribs"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Dwarf+planet" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory">Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Dwarf+planet" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o">Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="left-navigation"> <div id="p-namespaces" role="navigation" class="vectorTabs" aria-labelledby="p-namespaces-label"> <h3 id="p-namespaces-label">Namespaces</h3> <ul> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected"><a href="/wiki/Dwarf_planet" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li> <li id="ca-talk"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Dwarf_planet" title="Discussion about the content page [t]" accesskey="t" rel="discussion">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="p-variants" role="navigation" class="vectorMenu emptyPortlet" aria-labelledby="p-variants-label"> <h3 id="p-variants-label"> Variants<a href="#"></a> </h3> <div class="menu"> <ul> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="right-navigation"> <div id="p-views" role="navigation" class="vectorTabs" aria-labelledby="p-views-label"> <h3 id="p-views-label">Views</h3> <ul> <li id="ca-view" class="selected"><a href="/wiki/Dwarf_planet" >Read</a></li> <li id="ca-edit"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwarf_planet&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li> <li id="ca-history" class="collapsible"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwarf_planet&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="p-cactions" role="navigation" class="vectorMenu emptyPortlet" aria-labelledby="p-cactions-label"> <h3 id="p-cactions-label">More<a href="#"></a></h3> <div class="menu"> <ul> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-search" role="search"> <h3> <label for="searchInput">Search</label> </h3> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform"> <div id="simpleSearch"> <input type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput"/><input type="hidden" value="Special:Search" name="title"/><input type="submit" name="fulltext" value="Search" title="Search Wikipedia for this text" id="mw-searchButton" class="searchButton mw-fallbackSearchButton"/><input type="submit" name="go" value="Go" title="Go to a page with this exact name if it exists" id="searchButton" class="searchButton"/> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div id="mw-panel"> <div id="p-logo" role="banner"><a class="mw-wiki-logo" href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page"></a></div> <div class="portal" role="navigation" id='p-navigation' aria-labelledby='p-navigation-label'> <h3 id='p-navigation-label'>Navigation</h3> <div class="body"> <ul> <li id="n-mainpage-description"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-featuredcontent"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Featured_content" title="Featured content – the best of Wikipedia">Featured content</a></li><li id="n-currentevents"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Find background information on current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Load a random article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-sitesupport"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" title="Support us">Donate to Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-shoplink"><a href="//shop.wikimedia.org" title="Visit the Wikipedia store">Wikipedia store</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="portal" role="navigation" id='p-interaction' aria-labelledby='p-interaction-label'> <h3 id='p-interaction-label'>Interaction</h3> <div class="body"> <ul> <li id="n-help"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Find out about Wikipedia">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-portal"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="About the project, what you can do, where to find things">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes in the wiki [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-contactpage"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact page</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="portal" role="navigation" id='p-tb' aria-labelledby='p-tb-label'> <h3 id='p-tb-label'>Tools</h3> <div class="body"> <ul> <li id="t-whatlinkshere"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Dwarf_planet" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Dwarf_planet" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-specialpages"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</a></li><li id="t-permalink"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwarf_planet&oldid=775549460" title="Permanent link to this revision of the page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwarf_planet&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-wikibase"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2199" title="Link to connected data repository item [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li><li id="t-cite"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Dwarf_planet&id=775549460" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="portal" role="navigation" id='p-coll-print_export' aria-labelledby='p-coll-print_export-label'> <h3 id='p-coll-print_export-label'>Print/export</h3> <div class="body"> <ul> <li id="coll-create_a_book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Dwarf+planet">Create a book</a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rdf2latex"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&bookcmd=render_article&arttitle=Dwarf+planet&returnto=Dwarf+planet&oldid=775549460&writer=rdf2latex">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dwarf_planet&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="portal" role="navigation" id='p-wikibase-otherprojects' aria-labelledby='p-wikibase-otherprojects-label'> <h3 id='p-wikibase-otherprojects-label'>In other projects</h3> <div class="body"> <ul> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dwarf_planets" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="portal" role="navigation" id='p-lang' aria-labelledby='p-lang-label'> <h3 id='p-lang-label'>Languages</h3> <div class="body"> <ul> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwergplaneet" title="Dwergplaneet – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwergplanet" title="Zwergplanet – Alemannisch" lang="als" hreflang="als" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D9%83%D8%A8_%D9%82%D8%B2%D9%85" title="كوكب قزم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planeta_nana" title="Planeta nana – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%B9" title="বাওনা গ্ৰহ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planeta_nanu" title="Planeta nanu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbyjajere_mich%C4%A9" title="Mbyjajere michĩ – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%C3%A7ik_planet" title="Kiçik planet – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%B9" title="বামন গ্রহ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89-he%CC%8Dk-chhe%E2%81%BF" title="É-he̍k-chheⁿ – Chinese (Min Nan)" lang="zh-min-nan" hreflang="zh-min-nan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet_cilik" title="Planet cilik – Basa Banyumasan" lang="map-bms" hreflang="map-bms" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Карлікавая планета – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old"><a href="https://be-x-old.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Карлікавая плянэта – беларуская (тарашкевіца)‎" lang="be-x-old" hreflang="be-x-old" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)‎</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9" title="बौना ग्रह – भोजपुरी" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5" title="Планета джудже – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zweagplanet" title="Zweagplanet – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patuljasta_planeta" title="Patuljasta planeta – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korrblanedenn" title="Korrblanedenn – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planeta_nan" title="Planeta nan – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Карлик планета – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trpasli%C4%8D%C3%AD_planeta" title="Trpasličí planeta – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planed_gorrach" title="Planed gorrach – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dv%C3%A6rgplanet" title="Dværgplanet – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwergplanet" title="Zwergplanet – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A4%C3%A4busplaneet" title="Kääbusplaneet – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AE%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%BD%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Πλανήτης νάνος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planeta_enano" title="Planeta enano – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanplanedo" title="Nanplanedo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planeta_nano" title="Planeta nano – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84%D9%87" title="سیاره کوتوله – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet" title="Dwarf planet – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan%C3%A8te_naine" title="Planète naine – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwerchplaneet" title="Dwerchplaneet – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhacphl%C3%A1in%C3%A9ad" title="Abhacphláinéad – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planaid_crivassanagh" title="Planaid crivassanagh – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planeta_anano" title="Planeta anano – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%99%9C%ED%96%89%EC%84%B1" title="왜행성 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A1%D5%B3%D5%A1%D5%B3_%D5%B4%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Գաճաճ մոլորակ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9" title="बौना ग्रह – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patuljasti_planet" title="Patuljasti planet – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet_katai" title="Planet katai – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planeta_nano" title="Planeta nano – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvergreikistjarna" title="Dvergreikistjarna – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pianeta_nano" title="Pianeta nano – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%91_%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%AA_%D7%A0%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%99" title="כוכב לכת ננסי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan%C3%A8t_cilik" title="Planèt cilik – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90" title="ჯუჯა პლანეტა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet_korr" title="Planet korr – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayari_kibete" title="Sayari kibete – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetula" title="Planetula – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pundurplan%C4%93ta" title="Pundurplanēta – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwergplan%C3%A9it" title="Zwergplanéit – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyk%C5%A1tukin%C4%97_planeta" title="Nykštukinė planeta – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwergplaneet" title="Dwergplaneet – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/cmaplini" title="cmaplini – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pianeta_nano" title="Pianeta nano – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lumbaart</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B6rpebolyg%C3%B3" title="Törpebolygó – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D1%83%D1%9F%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Џуџеста планета – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%82" title="കുള്ളൻഗ്രഹം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9" title="बटुग्रह – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90" title="ჯუჯა პლანეტა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet_kerdil" title="Planet kerdil – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planeta_nano" title="Planeta nano – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9F%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AD%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9F%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BD%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ဂြိုဟ်သိမ်ဂြိုဟ်မွှားများ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwergplaneet" title="Dwergplaneet – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BA%96%E6%83%91%E6%98%9F" title="準惑星 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chianeta_nano" title="Chianeta nano – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvergplanet" title="Dvergplanet – Norwegian" lang="no" hreflang= "no" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvergplanet" title="Dvergplanet – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragot_d%27plian%C3%A8te" title="Ragot d'plianète – Nouormand" lang="nrm" hreflang="nrm" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planeta_nana" title="Planeta nana – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%A7_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%BE%DB%8C" title="نکا پاندھی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%E2%80%8C%DA%AB%DB%8D" title="سیاره‌ګۍ – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pianeta_nan" title="Pianeta nan – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwargplanet" title="Dwargplanet – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planeta_kar%C5%82owata" title="Planeta karłowata – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planeta_an%C3%A3o" title="Planeta anão – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwerchplaneet" title="Zwerchplaneet – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ripoarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet%C4%83_pitic%C4%83" title="Planetă pitică – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sit%27i_pachahina" title="Sit'i pachahina – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Карликовая планета – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droich_planet" title="Droich planet – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planeti_xhuxh" title="Planeti xhuxh – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pianeta_nanu" title="Pianeta nanu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_planet" title="Dwarf planet – Simple English" lang="simple" hreflang="simple" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trpasli%C4%8Dia_plan%C3%A9ta" title="Trpasličia planéta – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pritlikavi_planet" title="Pritlikavi planet – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%99%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Патуљаста планета – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patuljasta_planeta" title="Patuljasta planeta – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A4%C3%A4pi%C3%B6planeetta" title="Kääpiöplaneetta – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle" title="featured article"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dv%C3%A4rgplanet" title="Dvärgplanet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetang_unano" title="Planetang unano – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="குறுங்கோள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%99%D1%80%D0%BB%D3%99_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Кәрлә планета – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча/tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%82" title="మరుగుజ్జు గ్రహం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0" title="ดาวเคราะห์แคระ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%BCce_gezegen" title="Cüce gezegen – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Карликова планета – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%81" title="بونا سیارہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pianeta_nano" title="Pianeta nano – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A0nh_tinh_l%C3%B9n" title="Hành tinh lùn – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A4%C3%A4b%C3%A4tshod%27ot%C3%A4ht" title="Kääbätshod'otäht – Võro" lang="fiu-vro" hreflang="fiu-vro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%AE%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F" title="矮行星 – Classical Chinese" lang="zh-classical" hreflang="zh-classical" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duwende_nga_planeta" title="Duwende nga planeta – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A7_%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A2%D7%98" title="קארליק פלאנעט – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%AE%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F" title="矮行星 – Cantonese" lang="zh-yue" hreflang="zh-yue" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%AE%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F" title="矮行星 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2199#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="footer" role="contentinfo"> <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last modified on 15 April 2017, at 16:33.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a rel="license" href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a><a rel="license" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/" style="display:none;"></a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="//wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Terms_of_Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="//wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Privacy_policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a href="//www.wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="wmf:Privacy policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimer"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer" title="Wikipedia:General disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/How_to_contribute">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dwarf_planet&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"> <a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/"><img src="/static/images/wikimedia-button.png" srcset="/static/images/wikimedia-button-1.5x.png 1.5x, /static/images/wikimedia-button-2x.png 2x" width="88" height="31" alt="Wikimedia Foundation"/></a> </li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"> <a href="//www.mediawiki.org/"><img src="/static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_88x31.png" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" srcset="/static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_132x47.png 1.5x, /static/images/poweredby_mediawiki_176x62.png 2x" width="88" height="31"/></a> </li> </ul> <div style="clear:both"></div> </div> <script>(window.RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.884","walltime":"1.036","ppvisitednodes":{"value":9716,"limit":1000000},"ppgeneratednodes":{"value":0,"limit":1500000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":269781,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":35508,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":19,"limit":40},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":18,"limit":500},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 844.104 1 -total"," 36.77% 310.417 2 Template:Reflist"," 14.18% 119.723 4 Template:Navbox"," 12.47% 105.265 29 Template:Cite_web"," 8.64% 72.958 1 Template:Solar_System"," 8.27% 69.800 1 Template:Navbox_with_columns"," 7.54% 63.658 1 Template:Trans-Neptunian_dwarf_planets"," 6.91% 58.337 13 Template:Category_handler"," 6.36% 53.654 8 Template:Cite_news"," 5.88% 49.655 12 Template:Cite_journal"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.329","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":8601761,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw2114","timestamp":"20170423015211","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script><script>(window.RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgBackendResponseTime":1138,"wgHostname":"mw2114"});});</script> </body> </html>

Statistics

Average successful run time: less than a minute

Total run time: 3 minutes

Total cpu time used: less than 5 seconds

Total disk space used: 22.7 KB

History

Manually ran revision 41ea5da8 and completed successfully 2017-04-25.

run time 24 s

nothing changed in the database
Manually ran revision eadc8584 and failed 2017-04-25.

run time 2 s

nothing changed in the database
Manually ran revision d62d4936 and completed successfully 2017-04-25.

run time 3 s

nothing changed in the database
Manually ran revision d62d4936 and completed successfully 2017-04-13.

run time 2 minutes

nothing changed in the database
Created on morph.io 2017-04-13

Scraper code

Scraping_For_Journalists_Test_2

git clone URL